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"description": "Short story by Ernest Nagamatsu on the difficult adjustment to civilian life of a group of World War II veterans. Written in the first person voice of an ex-GI named Hamamoto in 1954, \"Doka B-100\" coveys both Hamamoto's alienation and the welcoming embrace of\n \n Little Tokyo Los Angeles\n \n . Estranged from his domineering father because of the way he left the service (despite serving heroically in the\n \n 442nd\n \n , he quit before his time was up) and his choice of social work as an occupation, Hamamoto's wife had decided to go back to her family in Chicago with their daughter to get away from the arguments. Finding a small apartment in Little Tokyo and a part time job in a diner, he finds a niche in starting to counsel the veterans who would gather in a Little Tokyo pool hall. That work eventually leads to a paying job with the Veterans Administration. The story also incorporates Hamamoto's concentration camp experience and how his family was able to keep their house with the help of neighbors. The title comes from the address of the pool hall and the veterans' customary greeting to each other.",
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"description": "Short story by Ferris Takahashi. A presumably young\n \n Sansei\n \n social worker and a colleague discuss the case of an elderly\n \n Issei\n \n homeless man who seems to want to remain homeless. Sections written from the perspective of the Issei man reveal his life as a laborer first on Hawai'i\n \n sugar plantations\n \n , then in the continental U.S. and the impact of his wartime incarceration and the razing of the residential hotel he once lived in.",
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"description": "Short story murder mystery by\n \n Hisaye Yamamoto\n \n that takes place on the train taking forcibly removed Japanese Americans to the\n \n Poston\n \n , Arizona, concentration camp.\n \n Death Rides the Rails to Poston\n \n first appeared in serialized form in the\n \n\n Poston Chronicle\n \n\n newspaper in 1943.",
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"description": "Short story about a family returning to\n \n Little Tokyo\n \n from\n \n Rohwer\n \n . When fourteen-year-old Mari returns home with her parents, she expects to go to their old house, but is dismayed when they go to a run down residential hotel instead. Her father explains to her that they had rented the house they had lived in before the war, and they it was now being rented to someone else. Mari decides to walk to the house to take a last look. She finds an African American girl about her age on the swing in front. Initially suspicious, the girl becomes friendlier when Mari tells her why she and her family had to leave and invites her inside.",
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"description": "Short story by Henry H. Ebihara that presents a hopeful portrait of an\n \n Issei\n \n couple a year after\n \n resettlement\n \n . Mr. Sakamoto returns on a winter night from his night shift job at a factory to find his wife waiting for him with a hot meal. They discuss their good fortune, their son in the\n \n Military Intelligence Service\n \n in Burma, and their leaving the concentration camp with their children a year earlier.",
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"description": "Short story by Akemi Kikumura about a Japanese American family in Lodi, California, on the eve of World War II. Told in the first person voice of fifteen-year-old Peggy Tanaka, the story begins with the Tanaka family's fateful purchase of a restaurant in 1941. The restaurant soon becomes a success as migrant workers are drawn to both Mrs. Tanaka's cooking and the beauty of Ann, Peggy's eighteen-year-old sister. Mr. Tanaka's decision to open a gambling den in back further adds to profits, despite Mrs. Tanaka's disapproval and the necessary kick-backs to a corrupt local policeman. But the Tanakas' lives are soon to be complicated by Ann's romance with a young man of burakumin (Japanese outcaste) origin, a conniving neighbor, and the impending roundup of Japanese Americans after the attack on Pearl Harbor.",
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"description": "Short story recounting the return to California by Hirosho Yugi and his wife after their incarceration at\n \n Heart Mountain\n \n . His initial happiness is dulled when a group of neighbors try to force him out, first by burning down a shed and throwing rocks through windows, then by the burning down of their house. The day after their house is torched, they receive a telegram informing them of the death of their son in combat in Italy.",
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"description": "Short story by\n \n Larry Tajiri\n \n about a\n \n Nisei\n \n strandee just returned from Japan after a decade there. Joe Suzuki was a Nisei in Los Angeles who graduated high school in the mid 1930s. Unwilling to take the types of jobs available to Nisei at that time—primarily agricultural and/or manual labor type jobs—he first tried Hollywood, then went to Japan, as did many other Nisei at that time. He landed a white-collar job at a Japanese firm, but it proved to be a dead end job, and, as a Nisei, he drew suspicion from the police. He attempted to return to the U.S. in November 1941, but his ship turned around midway as war broke out, and he was stuck in Japan during the war. He returns embittered, his mother having died in an American concentration camp, and his father having\n \n resettled in Chicago\n \n .",
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"description": "Short story by\n \n Toshio Mori\n \n about an\n \n Issei\n \n woman's first visit with her son Mamoru after he has been severely wounded in combat as a member of the\n \n 442nd Regimental Combat Team\n \n . \"Homecoming\" takes the form of a story told in the woman's first person voice to her grandchildren. It is one of several stories by Mori featuring the same woman published in the\n \n\n Pacific Citizen\n \n\n between 1949 and 1952 that later became the basis of his novel\n \n Woman from Hiroshima\n \n , published in 1978. The first half of the story is about her efforts to see her son after being allowed to leave\n \n Topaz\n \n to\n \n return to the West Coast\n \n . She is at first dismayed to learn that he has been moved to a military hospital in Auburn, California, known to be a hotbed of anti-Japanese racism. Arriving in Auburn, they see numerous anti-Japanese signs and are unable to find a place to stay until the Red Cross sends them to a Japanese American owned farm in the next town. The second half of the story is about her visit with Mamoru, whom she learns for the first time is confined to a wheelchair and may not ever be able to walk again.",
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"description": "Short story by Jeff Tsuyoshi Matsuda about a disheveled elderly\n \n Nisei\n \n widower who goes to a empty field in his Westchester, California, neighborhood every day for reasons that no one can figure out. In slowly revealing the reason for his quest, Heiji Taguma's wartime family history is revealed. His family had farmed twenty acres in the area before the war, but lost their crops and their farm in the mass incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II. Heiji's father Masu was among the\n \n Issei\n \n arrested by the FBI and was taken to the\n \n Bismarck\n \n , North Dakota internment camp, eventually rejoining his family at\n \n Manzanar\n \n . But he returned a broken man: while Heiji\n \n resettled in Chicago\n \n , he refused to leave Manzanar and died there just after the end of the war. Heiji's odd ritual seemed to have been triggered by the death of his wife Keiko, who had once cooked all his meals and washed and selected his clothes.",
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"description": "Short story by Manzen (Tom Arima) about four old\n \n Nisei\n \n men discussing the future of the Japanese American community and the\n \n Japanese American Citizens League\n \n (JACL). Tak, a 65-year-old retiree, wakes up one morning with an uneasy feeling after a late night JACL meeting the previous evening. His close friend Nobe, a JACL lifer, drops by to talk about the meeting, and they are soon joined by two more friends, Joe and Mits. The four talk about the role they and the JACL should take in the implementation of the recently passed\n \n Civil Liberties Act of 1988\n \n , what to make of a recent JACL resolution to investigate the organization's actions regarding the so-called \"\n \n No-No Boys\n \n ,\" and the role of the JACL. After a spirited discussion, Tak feels much better and is grateful for the men's friendship.",
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"description": "Short story by\n \n Hisaye Yamamoto\n \n centering on a\n \n Nisei\n \n man named Tak who attends a\n \n pilgrimage\n \n to\n \n Poston\n \n , where he had been incarcerated during the war. The story begins with his noticing a striking woman at the reunion dressed in buckskin; he wonders if she is Native American. A visit to the memorial at the site conjures memories of his family's wartime experience: removed from Los Angeles, they left Poston to\n \n resettle in Chicago\n \n ; his older sister had left earlier on her own to study nursing in Cleveland. He went to high school in Chicago and to college back in Los Angeles, eventually marrying and raising three daughters. But after his wife's death just a year prior, he found himself alone. On the bus ride home, he is surprised to find the buckskin woman on the same bus. She sits across the aisle from him, and he overhears her talking about being twelve in camp and being fascinated by an American Indian man who visited the camp on a white horse that he sometimes let the inmate kids ride. He also discovers that she is a widow. After imagining different scenarios about the woman and the Indian man, he works up the courage to ask her to join him for lunch.",
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"description": "Short story by Mataileen Larkin Ramsdell about the contentious but affectionate relationship between a white high school teacher in\n \n Rohwer\n \n and an intelligent but cynical student. A young teacher from Wisconsin, Eve Erickson is immediately drawn to Joe Moriyama, the smallest boy in 11th grade homeroom class, who is constantly challenging her by pointing out the contradictions between the American creed and the treatment of Japanese Americans. In one instance, he tells her about a girl in her class who had her family farm registered in her name to get around the\n \n alien land law\n \n , but who now found herself the target of an\n \n escheat case\n \n upon the death of her father. Over time Joe and Eve come to like and respect each other. When\n \n Nisei\n \n are deemed eligible for the draft in 1944, Joe and other boys in her class are drafted, but he is uncharacteristically silent. He later comes to tell her that he is going to\n \n resist the draft\n \n and go to prison. Eve is eventually able to convince him otherwise, and he goes on to join the\n \n 442nd Regimental Combat Team\n \n . The story begins and ends with Joe's funeral back in Rohwer after his death in combat.",
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"description": "Autobiographical short story by\n \n Hiroshi Kashiwagi\n \n that traces his life from his childhood on farms in the Loomis, California, area, his family's forced removal and incarceration at the\n \n Marysville Assembly Center\n \n (which Kashiwagi refers to as \"Arboga,\" an alternative name) and\n \n Tule Lake\n \n , and his decision to answer \"no-no\" to the\n \n loyalty questionnaire\n \n both out of anger and protest and in alignment with the rest of his family. While describing the difficult conditions of concentration camp life, the narrator—who was two years out of high school at the time—takes his first tentative steps in the world of theater and literature while in camp. His father's absence from the family from prior to the war due to tuberculosis looms large. Written from the perspective of an old man looking back at his youth, the story ends with the lifelong ramifications of his wartime incarceration and his\n \n \"no-no boy\"\n \n status.",
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"description": "Short story by Kiyoshi Parker about an old woman whose trip to a\n \n Little Tokyo\n \n store with her great-granddaughter brings back memories of her camp experience. Alice Miyamoto visits Little Tokyo in Los Angeles for the first time in thirty years with her family. After lunch, her daughter suggests they go visit the\n \n Go For Broke Monument\n \n . But on the way, her four-year-old great-granddaughter drags her into a store and picks up a stuffed Totoro toy. Alice is immediately reminded of a stuffed bear she had as a child of about the same age that was her constant companion when she was in an unspecified concentration camp.",
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"id": "Am I a Traitor? (short story)",
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"description": "Essay by\n \n Issei\n \n socialist journalist Shigeki Oka (1878–1959) focusing on his decision to aid the Allies and oppose the Japanese militarist regime during World War II. Oka begins by describing the situation prior to the war, where Japanese American leaders dismissed the possibility of war between the U.S. and Japan. While preparing a translation of Hitler's anti-Japanese writings to be distributed in Japan, the\n \n attack on Pearl Harbor\n \n occurs. Oka sends a telegram to President Roosevelt offering his services and expresses the desire that Japan lose the war as quickly as possible so that its militarist regime would be brought down; these actions lead to members of the Japanese American community branding him a traitor. He later volunteers to go to India despite his advanced age to write and distribute propaganda for the U.S. After the war, the Japanese community continues to shun him despite the fact that the events of the war, in his opinion, have proved the rightness of his actions.",
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"description": "Short essay by\n \n Hisaye Yamamoto DeSoto\n \n about the Kumamoto-mura community near Oceanside, California, where her family lived just prior to World War II. The pleasant reminiscences of life there are tempered by recollections of the chaos after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the events leading up to the forced removal of Japanese Americans from the West Coast. The title of the story comes from the narrator's recollection of making a pot of rice intending to make rice balls on the day of their forced departure, but forgetting about it, leaving the full pot behind. Years later, she returns to the site of the community, which subsequently became a large military base which for a time housed tens of thousands of Southeast Asian refugees. Noting the similarities with the concentration camps she and her family were in, she observes that this group was the third group of Asians to come and go from the geographical area, after the Japanese Americans and the Native Americans before them.",
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"description": "Short story by Ferris Takahashi of an Issei woman whose family puts her in a cold nursing home against her will at the end of her life. Told from the perspective of the woman, she recalls her forced removal and incarceration in unspecified concentration camps and other episodes in her life.",
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"id": "The Day After Today (short story)",
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"title": "The Day After Today (short story)",
"description": "Very short story by\n \n Toshio Mori\n \n (called \"A Sketch\") about an\n \n Issei\n \n man at\n \n Topaz\n \n who worries about what will happen to him and his wife when they are forced to leave the camp, since they have no children to help support them. He envies neighbors who have\n \n resettled\n \n children they can stay with in the Midwest and East. Published in the\n \n\n Pacific Citizen\n \n\n in February of 1945, the story captured the anxiety many Japanese Americans felt with news that the concentration camps would be closing by the end of the year.",
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"id": "The Flower Girls (short story)",
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"title": "The Flower Girls (short story)",
"description": "Short story by\n \n Lawson Fusao Inada\n \n . Two girls named Cherry and Rose—dubbed the \"flower girls\" by their teacher—become best friends as first and second graders in Portland, Oregon, just prior to World War II. They play at each other's houses after school and explore each other's neighborhood, though both agree that Cherry's—the Japantown area known as Shita Machi—is more interesting. But the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor drives a wedge between them, and Cherry and her family are soon sent away. While the girls exchange a few letters, they soon lose touch. Switching to the present, the narrator writes about a new Cherry and Rose, who meet to play in the Japanese garden of a Portland park.",
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"id": "The Red Tricycle (short story)",
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"title": "The Red Tricycle (short story)",
"description": "The scene as a\n \n Nikkei\n \n family—a mother with her two daughters and four-year-old son Tommy—make the last preparations at their farmhouse before a truck comes to take them to the train station that will deliver them to a concentration camp. Their spirits are temporarily buoyed by a unexpected kind act by one of the soldiers who comes for them.",
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"Optimism – power or folly"
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"id": "The Remembered Days (short story)",
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"description": "A grandmother tells her grandchildren about her exclusion and confinement. Told in the first person voice of the grandmother, the story is divided into three sections: (1) recalling the train ride from\n \n Tanforan\n \n to\n \n Topaz\n \n ; (2) a rumination of the absurdity of the camp being dubbed the \"Jewel of the Desert\"; and (3) her remembrances of hearing of her son Yoshio's death while serving with the\n \n 442nd\n \n .",
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"id": "The Service Flags (short story)",
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"description": "Short story by Bill Hosokawa about the first days of\n \n resettlement\n \n of a young mother and her nine-year-old son. Helen Yamano and her son Jamie arrive in an unspecified city, and she hangs two flags, one for her brother who had been killed, presumably as an\n \n Military Intelligence Service\n \n linguist, and one for her husband, who is serving in Europe in the\n \n 442nd\n \n . Her first days on the job are difficult, as one of her co-workers makes trouble for her. Jamie is called a \"Jap\" by one of the boys on his first day of school. Helen tells him that like his father, he needs to fight to be accepted, and the next day he does.",
"url_title": "The Service Flags (short story)",
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{
"id": "Unfinished Message (short story)",
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"description": "Seemingly autobiographical story by\n \n Toshio Mori\n \n about his mother and brother. The story begins in 1945 in\n \n Topaz\n \n , where the author's mother can't sleep one night because of anxiety about her son, who is serving in Europe. She later finds out that he was wounded in battle that night. Later, they arrange for his transfer to a hospital in the U.S, deciding on one near the family home in California. When they leave camp and return home, she is able to visit him at the hospital. However, she later dies in her sleep before her son is released. After her death, the author and his brother hear tapping on the window of the room in which she died, which they interpret as her message to them. Written by Mori in 1947, the story was first published in his 1979 short story collection,\n \n The Chauvinist and Other Stories\n \n and reprinted in the 2000 Mori anthology\n \n\n Unfinished Message: Selected Works of Toshio Mori\n \n\n .",
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{
"id": "The Travelers (short story)",
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"title": "The Travelers (short story)",
"description": "Short story by\n \n Toshio Mori\n \n centering on two groups of inmates as they leave\n \n Topaz\n \n . One group of nine are those leaving the camp permanently to \"\n \n resettle\n \n \" in areas outside the restricted area of the West Coast; the other group consists of those who are visiting town briefly to shop or to see off relatives before returning to the camp. Those leaving for good includes a soldier leaving for the battlefront and being seen off by his mother, as well as those leaving for jobs in cities such as\n \n New York\n \n and\n \n Chicago\n \n . As the resettlers exchange information about their destinations, the soldier is drawn to an attractive young woman heading to Chicago, but does not speak to her. After the train leaves, a white family offers a ride to town to the mother of the soldier. \"The Travelers\" originally appeared in the Topaz literary publication\n \n\n All Aboard\n \n\n in 1944 and was republished in Mori's short story collections\n \n The Chauvinist and Other Stories\n \n in 1979 and\n \n Unfinished Message: Selected Works of Toshio Mori\n \n in 2000.",
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