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"id": "21st Century Manzanar (book)",
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"description": "Novel by Perry Miyake that imagines an early 21st century roundup of Japanese Americans and how\n \n Sansei\n \n and\n \n Yonsei\n \n would react to it.",
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"title": [
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"author": [
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"body": "<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n <div class=\"floatright\">\n </div>\n <div class=\"rgonly\">\n <!--\"rgdatabox-CoreDisplay\" removed-->\n <div id=\"rgdatabox-Core\" style=\"display:none;\">\n <p>\n RGMediaType:books;\nTitle:21st Century Manzanar;\nCreators:Perry Miyake;\nInterestLevel:Adult;\nReadingLevel:;\nGuidedReadingLevel:;\nLexile:;\nTheme:Evils of racism; Importance of community; Overcoming – fear, weakness, vice; Will to survive;\nGenre:Fiction;\nPoV:Mostly told from perspective of middle-aged Sansei from Southern California;\nRelatedEvents:;\nAvailability:Available;\nFreeWebVersion:Yes;\nPrimarySecondary:;\nHasTeachingAids:No;\nWarnings:Mild language; Sci-fi violence; Some sexual content;\nDenshoTopic:;\nGeography:Venice, California;\nChronology:2000s;\nFacility:Manzanar [7] - Manzanar, California;\n </p>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div id=\"databox-Books\" style=\"display:none;\">\n <p>\n Title:21st Century Manzanar;\nAuthor:Perry Miyake;\nIllustrator:;\nOrigTitle:;\nCountry:;\nLanguage:;\nSeries:;\nGenre:;\nPublisher:Really Great Books;\nPubDate:2002;\nCurrentPublisher:;\nCurrentPubDate:;\nMediaType:;\nPages:391;\nAwards:;\nISBN:;\nWorldCatLink:\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"https://www.worldcat.org/title/21st-century-manzanar-a-novel/oclc/49869443\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n https://www.worldcat.org/title/21st-century-manzanar-a-novel/oclc/49869443\n </a>\n ;\n </p>\n </div>\n <p>\n Novel by Perry Miyake that imagines an early 21st century roundup of Japanese Americans and how\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/wiki/Sansei\" title=\"Sansei\">\n Sansei\n </a>\n and\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/wiki/Yonsei\" title=\"Yonsei\">\n Yonsei\n </a>\n would react to it.\n </p>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"Synopsis\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Synopsis\">\n Synopsis\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n The novel begins sometime after the 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States and imagines an economic crisis that Americans blame on Japan resulting in the scapegoating of all Japanese Americans. As a result, an unnamed president issues Executive Order 9066-A that leads to the \"ReVac\": a new forced removal of Japanese Americans. While many \"voluntarily\" move to other countries—the government pays for passage to Japan—others must report to concentration camps, including a rebuilt\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/wiki/Manzanar\" title=\"Manzanar\">\n Manzanar\n </a>\n .\n </p>\n <p>\n Protagonist David Takeda is around fifty, a pony-tailed Sansei from Venice, California, the son of a\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/wiki/Nisei\" title=\"Nisei\">\n Nisei\n </a>\n gardener. Once a clerk in a record store, he now makes a living by delivering professional eulogies at the many funerals of Japanese Americans. Aided by various friends, he rushes to report to Manzanar by the deadline. But in the meantime, his brother Johnny is beaten to death by white racist thugs while stuck in traffic. His sister Kate along with her husband and two young children wait for him there. At the camp, David get a job cleaning toilets and befriends a young gay neighbor who has a stash of canned food. He also finds himself between two women, a young woman whom he had helped escape from an abusive husband and an old activist friend from the 1970s who is dying of emphysema in the terminal ward. The politically ambitious white female camp director puts on a benign public face, while ruling the camp with an iron fist: any form of dissent is severely punished, with activists suddenly disappearing; order is largely kept by \"trustees,\" Japanese American turncoats who are given privileges for their law enforcement activities; and youth unrest—led in part by David's estranged young nephew—results in a plan for mass sterilization. But David and other Sansei quietly resist in small ways. Meanwhile, David's ex-wife Jenny, a white woman, heads back to the coast from the South, determined to reunite and to get David out. Is there hope in this bleak setting?\n </p>\n <p>\n Though set in an imaginary future, there are many references to the original Manzanar and the events of World War II through David and other characters' reminiscences about parents and family histories. There are also many descriptions of the Japanese American community in Venice and Los Angeles as a whole in the 1970s, and of the Asian American Movement of that time. The book also includes a lengthy glossary of Japanese American and other related terms used in the book.\n </p>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"Background_and_Reaction\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Background_and_Reaction\">\n Background and Reaction\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n <i>\n 21st Century Manzanar\n </i>\n was the first novel by author Perry Miyake, who had previously been best known as a playwright. Three of Miyake's plays had been produced by the Los Angeles Asian American theater company East West Players:\n <i>\n What the Enemy Looks Like\n </i>\n (1979),\n <i>\n Visitors from Nagasaki\n </i>\n (1983), and\n <i>\n Doughball\n </i>\n (1990). The first and the third also have protagonists named \"David\" who are about the same age as the protagonist in\n <i>\n 21st Century Manzanar\n </i>\n ;\n <i>\n Doughball\n </i>\n is also set in the Venice Japanese American community. Miyake began the project that would become\n <i>\n 21st Century Manzanar\n </i>\n in the early 1990s also as a play; it was inspired by American attitudes towards Arab Americas during the Gulf War and by the notorious case of Vincent Chin, a Chinese American who was beaten to death by white auto workers in Detroit in 1982 during a period often characterized as a \"trade war\" between Japan and the U.S. The project eventually became a novel, which Miyake finished days before the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Though he made some changes to incorporate the attacks, much of the novel remained unchanged.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref1_1-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref1-1\">\n [1]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <p>\n <i>\n 21st Century Manzanar\n </i>\n received few reviews. In her Ph.D. dissertation, Emily Hiramatsu Morishima writes that \"… Perry Miyake combines the events of the past with the concerns of the present in order to imagine prophetic vision of future community and justice that indicts contemporary structural racial inequities and the violation of civil rights caused by the war on terror that have deep ramifications for the future of our country's democracy.\" Chau Nguyen wrote that the novel \"serves as a daunting prediction of what can happen when mass hysteria and paranoia get out of hand. Even though the novel centers around the Japanese, no reader of any ethnic minority group can set down this book without the unsettling feeling that this situation can possibly recur in the future.\"\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref2_2-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref2-2\">\n [2]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <div id=\"authorByline\">\n <b>\n Authored by\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/wiki/Brian_Niiya\" title=\"Brian Niiya\">\n Brian Niiya\n </a>\n , Densho\n </b>\n </div>\n <div id=\"citationAuthor\" style=\"display:none;\">\n Niiya, Brian\n </div>\n <p>\n Might also like:\n <i>\n <a class=\"encyc rg\" href=\"/wiki/Famous Suicides of the Japanese Empire (book)/\" title=\"Famous Suicides of the Japanese Empire (book)\">\n Famous Suicides of the Japanese Empire\n </a>\n </i>\n by David Mura;\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"https://resourceguide.densho.org/Southland%20(book)/\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n <i>\n Southland\n </i>\n </a>\n by Nina Revoyr;\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"https://resourceguide.densho.org/Why%20She%20Left%20Us%20(book)/\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n <i>\n Why She Left Us\n </i>\n </a>\n by Rahna Reiko Rizzuto\n </p>\n </div>\n </div>\n</div>\n",
"moreinfo": "<div class=\"section\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n For More Information\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n Morishima, Emily Hiramatsu. \"Remembering the Internment in Post-World War II Japanese American Fiction.\" Ph.D. dissertation, UCLA, 2010.\n </p>\n <p>\n Nguyen, Chau. \"\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"http://international.ucla.edu/institute/article/5568\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n History Reenacted in 21st Century Manzanar.\n </a>\n \" UCLA International Institute, Oct. 10, 2003.\n </p>\n <p>\n Simal, Begoña. \"Revisiting the Campo: A Biopolitical Reading of Perry Miyake’s 21st Century Manzanar.\"\n <i>\n Revista de Estudios Norteamericanos\n </i>\n 20 (2016): 159–80.\n </p>\n </div>\n</div>",
"footnotes": "<div class=\"section\" id=\"Footnotes\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Footnotes\">\n Footnotes\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <div class=\"reflist\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n <div class=\"mw-references-wrap\">\n <ol class=\"references\">\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref1-1\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref1_1-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Tamayo Irene Morioka-Steffens, \"Asian Pacific American Identities: An Historical Perspective Through the Theatre Productions of the East West Players, 1965 to 2000 (Ph.D. dissertation, Claremont Graduate School, 2003), 188–89, 349–54, 468–71; Emily Hiramatsu Morishima, \"Remembering the Internment in Post-World War II Japanese American Fiction\" (Ph.D. dissertation, UCLA, 2010), 86.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref2-2\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref2_2-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Morishima, \"Remembering the Internment,\" 86; Chau Nguyen, \"History Reenacted in 21st Century Manzanar,\" UCLA International Institute, Oct. 10, 2003, accessed on July 20, 2017\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"http://international.ucla.edu/institute/article/5568\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n http://international.ucla.edu/institute/article/5568\n </a>\n .\n </span>\n </li>\n </ol>\n </div>\n </div>\n <!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20240418160720\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: false\nComplications: []\nCPU time usage: 0.022 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.041 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 389/1000000\nPost‐expand include size: 6928/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 1479/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 5/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0/100\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0/20\nUnstrip post‐expand size: 1306/5000000 bytes\nExtLoops count: 0\n-->\n <!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 19.177 1 -total\n 13.01% 2.495 1 Template:Reflist\n 12.40% 2.377 1 Template:RGDatabox-Core\n 11.66% 2.236 1 Template:Databox-Books\n 7.11% 1.364 1 Template:AuthorByline\n 7.09% 1.359 1 Template:Published\n 7.01% 1.344 1 Template:FindAtIA\n-->\n <!-- Saved in parser cache with key encycmw:pcache:idhash:3893-0!canonical and timestamp 20240418160720 and revision id 35577\n -->\n </div>\n</div>",
"findatia": "<div class=\"section\" id=\"Find_in_the_Digital_Library_of_Japanese_American_Incarceration\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Find_in_the_Digital_Library_of_Japanese_American_Incarceration\">\n Find in the Digital Library of Japanese American Incarceration\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n <b>\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/21stcenturymanza00miya\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n 21st century Manzanar\n </a>\n </b>\n </p>\n <p style=\"font-size:8pt;line-height:1.5;color: #aaa;\">\n This item has been made freely available in the\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/digital-library-of-japanese-american-incarceration\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n Digital Library of Japanese American Incarceration\n </a>\n , a collaborative project with\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"https://archive.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n Internet Archive\n </a>\n .\n </p>\n </div>\n</div>"
}