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"id": "Right of Passage (film)",
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"title_sort": "rightofpassagefilm",
"description": "Documentary film by Janice D. Tanaka that chronicles the convoluted twenty-year history of the\n \n Redress Movement\n \n .",
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{
"title": "Redress"
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"authors": [
{
"title": "Brian Niiya",
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"title": "Right of Passage (film)",
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"modified": "2018-02-28T19:02:04",
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"title": [
"Right of Passage"
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"Female roles",
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"Power of the past"
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"Told from perspective of various actors in Redress Movement"
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"databox-Films": {
"title": [
"Right of Passage"
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"date": [
"2015"
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"genre": [],
"released": [],
"director": [
"Janice D. Tanaka"
],
"producer": [
"Janice D. Tanaka",
"Nancy K. Araki"
],
"writer": [
"Screescanda"
],
"screenplay": [],
"story": [],
"basedon": [],
"narrator": [
"Brooke Shields"
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"starring": [
"Cherry Kinoshita (interviewee)",
"Edison Uno (interviewee)",
"John Tateishi (interviewee)",
"Henry Miyatake (interviewee)",
"Clifford Uyeda (interviewee)",
"Alan Nishio (interviewee)",
"Miya Iwataki (interviewee)",
"Ron Ikejiri (interviewee)",
"Daniel K. Inouye (interviewee)",
"Shosuke Sasaki (interviewee)",
"Mike Lowry (interviewee)",
"Norman Mineta (interviewee)",
"Jodie Bernstein (interviewee)",
"Barney Frank (interviewee)",
"Aiko Herzig Yoshinaga (interviewee)",
"Angus MacBeth (interviewee)",
"Peter Irons (interviewee)",
"Edward J. Ennis (testimony)",
"William Hohri (interviewee)",
"Glenn Roberts (interviewee)",
"Alan Simpson (interviewee)",
"Ron Wakabayashi (interviewee)",
"Grant Ujifusa (interviewee)",
"Stuart Ishimaru (interviewee)",
"Robert T. Matsui (testimony)",
"Spark Matsunaga (speech)",
"Joseph Biden (speech)",
"Grayce Uyehara (interviewee)",
"Rose Ochi (interviewee)",
"Rudy K. Tokiwa (interviewee)",
"Tom Kean (interviewee)",
"S.I. Hayakawa (testimony)",
"Ken Duberstein (interviewee)"
],
"music": [],
"cinematography": [
"Mik Ayers",
"Dave Gedney",
"Tani Ikeda"
],
"editing": [
"Screescanda"
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"Nitto Films"
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"runtime": [
"128/98 minutes"
],
"country": [],
"language": [],
"budget": [],
"gross": [],
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"body": "<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n <div class=\"floatright\">\n </div>\n <div class=\"rgonly\">\n <!--\"rgdatabox-CoreDisplay\" removed-->\n <div id=\"rgdatabox-Core\" style=\"display:none;\">\n <p>\n RGMediaType:films;\nTitle:Right of Passage;\nCreators:;\nInterestLevel:Grades 9-12; Adult;\nReadingLevel:;\nGuidedReadingLevel:;\nLexile:;\nTheme:Empowerment; Female roles; Importance of community; Power of the past;\nGenre:Documentary;\nPoV:Told from perspective of various actors in Redress Movement;\nRelatedEvents:;\nAvailability:Available;\nFreeWebVersion:No;\nPrimarySecondary:;\nHasTeachingAids:No;\nWarnings:;\nDenshoTopic:;\nGeography:;\nChronology:1970 to 1990;\nFacility:;\n </p>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div id=\"databox-Films\" style=\"display:none;\">\n <p>\n Title:Right of Passage;\nDate:2015; \nGenre:;\nReleased:;\nDirector:Janice D. Tanaka;\nProducer:Janice D. Tanaka; Nancy K. Araki;\nWriter:Screescanda;\nScreenplay:;\nStory:;\nBasedOn:;\nNarrator:Brooke Shields;\nStarring:Cherry Kinoshita (interviewee); Edison Uno (interviewee); John Tateishi (interviewee); Henry Miyatake (interviewee); Clifford Uyeda (interviewee); Alan Nishio (interviewee); Miya Iwataki (interviewee); Ron Ikejiri (interviewee); Daniel K. Inouye (interviewee); Shosuke Sasaki (interviewee); Mike Lowry (interviewee); Norman Mineta (interviewee); Jodie Bernstein (interviewee); Barney Frank (interviewee); Aiko Herzig Yoshinaga (interviewee); Angus MacBeth (interviewee); Peter Irons (interviewee); Edward J. Ennis (testimony); William Hohri (interviewee); Glenn Roberts (interviewee); Alan Simpson (interviewee); Ron Wakabayashi (interviewee); Grant Ujifusa (interviewee); Stuart Ishimaru (interviewee); Robert T. Matsui (testimony); Spark Matsunaga (speech); Joseph Biden (speech); Grayce Uyehara (interviewee); Rose Ochi (interviewee); Rudy K. Tokiwa (interviewee); Tom Kean (interviewee); S.I. Hayakawa (testimony); Ken Duberstein (interviewee);\nMusic:;\nCinematography:Mik Ayers; Dave Gedney; Tani Ikeda;\nEditing:Screescanda;\nStudio:Nitto Films;\nDistributor:;\nRuntime:128/98 minutes;\nCountry:;\nLanguage:;\nBudget:;\nGross:;\nIMDBLink:\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt4580514/\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n http://www.imdb.com/title/tt4580514/\n </a>\n ;\nTrailerLink:;\n </p>\n </div>\n <p>\n Documentary film by Janice D. Tanaka that chronicles the convoluted twenty-year history of the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/wiki/Redress_movement\" title=\"Redress movement\">\n Redress Movement\n </a>\n .\n </p>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"Synopsis\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Synopsis\">\n Synopsis\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n Tanaka and screenwriter Screescanda tell the story in a more or less chronological manner while framing the story as a \"mystery\": why President Ronald Reagan, who had seemingly opposed redress legislation throughout, eventually changes his mind and signs the legislation in 1988. From there, the filmmakers go back to 1970 and the first call for monetary reparations by\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/wiki/Edison_Uno\" title=\"Edison Uno\">\n Edison Uno\n </a>\n , going on to detail the \"\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/wiki/Seattle_Plan\" title=\"Seattle Plan\">\n Seattle Plan\n </a>\n ,\" internal debate within the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/wiki/Japanese_American_Citizens_League\" title=\"Japanese American Citizens League\">\n Japanese American Citizens League\n </a>\n (JACL) on redress proposals, the rise of rival redress groups the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/wiki/National_Coalition_for_Redress/Reparations\" title=\"National Coalition for Redress/Reparations\">\n National Coalition for Redress/Reparations\n </a>\n (NCRR) and the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/wiki/National_Council_for_Japanese_American_Redress\" title=\"National Council for Japanese American Redress\">\n National Council for Japanese American Redress\n </a>\n (NCJAR), the divided community response to what would become the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/wiki/Commission_on_Wartime_Relocation_and_Internment_of_Civilians\" title=\"Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians\">\n Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians\n </a>\n (CWRIC), the impact of the subsequent commission hearings, the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/wiki/Coram_nobis_cases\" title=\"Coram nobis cases\">\n coram nobis cases\n </a>\n , and\n <i>\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/wiki/Personal_Justice_Denied_(book)\" title=\"Personal Justice Denied (book)\">\n Personal Justice Denied\n </a>\n </i>\n the CWRIC's final report. The second half of film is narrowly focused on the battle in Congress to pass redress legislation based on the CWRIC's recommendations, detailing two failed attempts before the ultimate passage of H.R. 442 in 1987. Much of the credit to the bill passing the House of Representatives is given to novice Japanese American lobbyists, many of whom were women. The film then turns to the White House, detailing the various factors that may have led the President to eventually sign what would become the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/wiki/Civil_Liberties_Act_of_1988\" title=\"Civil Liberties Act of 1988\">\n Civil Liberties Act of 1988\n </a>\n . A final section of the film covers the battle to secure funding for the legislation, concluding with various reflections of its meaning.\n </p>\n <p>\n \"Right of Passage\" is largely based on interviews with the key actors in the drama (with the filmmakers drawing on interview footage from Densho and other archives for those who had passed prior to the making of the film), along with footage of congressional hearings and speeches, and news reports. The filmmakers also drew on documents from the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and other archives, with many of the documents appearing onscreen. To help viewers keep track of the lengthy cast of characters, most interviewees are presented alongside biographical data that explains their position or role. A timeline at the bottom of the screen appears throughout to help keep viewers aware of where the story is at any given moment.\n </p>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"Background_and_Response\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Background_and_Response\">\n Background and Response\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n \"Right of Passage\" was one of several films on aspects of Japanese American history funded by Nitto Tire U.S.A. Filmmaker Tanaka told Mary Uyematsu Kao that \"... every participant firmly believed in his/her vision of how it [redress] was won.\" Tanaka adds that the filmmakers adopted Akira Kurosawa's 'Rashomon' approach—asking each person to tell the story from his/her perspective.\"\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref1_1-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref1-1\">\n [1]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <p>\n The film premiered at a Washington, D.C. screening in September 2015 and had its West Coast premiere on October 15. The version screened at these events was well over two hours long. A 98 minute version screened at film festivals and community events in 2016.\n </p>\n <p>\n Response to the film in the Japanese American community has been mixed, with criticisms reflecting the differing interpretations of redress among different factions of the community. In the\n <i>\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/wiki/Pacific_Citizen_(newspaper)\" title=\"Pacific Citizen (newspaper)\">\n Pacific Citizen\n </a>\n </i>\n , Gerald H. Yamada calls the film \"seriously flawed,\" challenging the core premise of the film that the reason for Reagan's change of mind was a \"mystery.\" Yamada wrote that the film \"fails to give any credit to the two individuals who changed President Reagan's mind,\" Grant Ujifusa and Tom Kean and that \"there is no mystery\" why Reagan signed the legislation. In a rebuttal to the review, screenwriter Screescanda points out that Ujifusa's and Kean's actions are included in the film along with interviews with both, also noting that documents at the Reagan Library suggest that there were other factors behind Reagan's change of mind as noted in the film. While giving the film \"two thumbs up,\" Mary Uyematsu Kao writes that she agrees with NCRR criticism \"that the film does not give enough weight to the role of the grassroots (and grassroots organizers) to get people to speak out at the hearings since it is the grassroots pressure that motivates legislators to make their moves.\" Chris Komai writes that the film is \"methodical in laying out the details of what was a two-decade struggle within the Nikkei community and in the halls of Congress\"\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref2_2-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref2-2\">\n [2]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <div id=\"authorByline\">\n <b>\n Authored by\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/wiki/Brian_Niiya\" title=\"Brian Niiya\">\n Brian Niiya\n </a>\n , Densho\n </b>\n </div>\n <div id=\"citationAuthor\" style=\"display:none;\">\n Niiya, Brian\n </div>\n <p>\n Might also like\n <i>\n <a class=\"encyc rg\" href=\"/wiki/Justice Now! Reparations Now! (film)/\" title=\"Justice Now! Reparations Now! (film)\">\n Justice Now! Reparations Now!\n </a>\n </i>\n (1988);\n <i>\n <a class=\"encyc rg\" href=\"/wiki/Redress: The JACL Campaign for Justice (film)/\" title=\"Redress: The JACL Campaign for Justice (film)\">\n Redress: The JACL Campaign for Justice\n </a>\n </i>\n (1991);\n <i>\n <a class=\"encyc rg\" href=\"/wiki/Rebel with a Cause: The Life of Aiko Herzig Yoshinaga (film)/\" title=\"Rebel with a Cause: The Life of Aiko Herzig Yoshinaga (film)\">\n Rebel with a Cause: The Life of Aiko Herzig Yoshinaga\n </a>\n </i>\n (2016)\n </p>\n </div>\n </div>\n</div>\n",
"moreinfo": "<div class=\"section\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n For More Information\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n Official Facebook page:\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CivilLibertiesAct1988\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n https://www.facebook.com/CivilLibertiesAct1988\n </a>\n .\n </p>\n <p>\n Komai, Chris. \"\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"http://www.discovernikkei.org/en/journal/2016/2/19/unseen-price-of-redress/\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n The Unseen Price of Redress.\n </a>\n \"\n <i>\n Discover Nikkei\n </i>\n , Feb. 19, 2016.\n </p>\n </div>\n</div>",
"footnotes": "<div class=\"section\" id=\"Footnotes\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Footnotes\">\n Footnotes\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <div class=\"reflist\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n <div class=\"mw-references-wrap\">\n <ol class=\"references\">\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref1-1\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref1_1-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Mary Uyematsu Kao, \"Right of Passage: How a Wrong Got Righted,\"\n <i>\n Rafu Shimpo\n </i>\n , Apr. 27, 2016, 3.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref2-2\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref2_2-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Gerald H. Yamada, \"Film Review: 'Right of Passage,'\"\n <i>\n Pacific Citizen\n </i>\n , Sept. 23, 2015,\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"http://www.pacificcitizen.org/film-review-right-of-passage/\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n http://www.pacificcitizen.org/film-review-right-of-passage/\n </a>\n ; Screescanda, \"'Right of Passage' Rebuttal,\"\n <i>\n Pacific Citizen\n </i>\n , Feb. 2, 2016,\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"http://www.pacificcitizen.org/right-of-passage-rebuttal/\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n http://www.pacificcitizen.org/right-of-passage-rebuttal/\n </a>\n ; Kao, \"Right of Passage: How a Wrong Got Righted\"; Chris Komai, \"The Unseen Price of Redress,\"\n <i>\n Discover Nikkei\n </i>\n , Feb. 19, 2016,\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"http://www.discovernikkei.org/en/journal/2016/2/19/unseen-price-of-redress/\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n http://www.discovernikkei.org/en/journal/2016/2/19/unseen-price-of-redress/\n </a>\n , all accessed on March 9, 2016.\n </span>\n </li>\n </ol>\n </div>\n </div>\n <!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20230521153621\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: false\nComplications: []\nCPU time usage: 0.023 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.031 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 441/1000000\nPost‐expand include size: 9965/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 4090/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 5/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0/100\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0/20\nUnstrip post‐expand size: 1566/5000000 bytes\nExtLoops count: 0\n-->\n <!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 18.618 1 -total\n 13.32% 2.480 1 Template:Reflist\n 13.01% 2.422 1 Template:Databox-Films\n 12.01% 2.236 1 Template:RGDatabox-Core\n 7.08% 1.318 1 Template:Published\n 7.07% 1.317 1 Template:AuthorByline\n 6.73% 1.252 1 Template:publish-rgonly\n-->\n <!-- Saved in parser cache with key encycmw:pcache:idhash:3789-0!canonical and timestamp 20230521153621 and revision id 28373\n -->\n </div>\n</div>"
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