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"description": "Essay by\n \n Issei\n \n socialist journalist Shigeki Oka (1878–1959) focusing on his decision to aid the Allies and oppose the Japanese militarist regime during World War II. Oka begins by describing the situation prior to the war, where Japanese American leaders dismissed the possibility of war between the U.S. and Japan. While preparing a translation of Hitler's anti-Japanese writings to be distributed in Japan, the\n \n attack on Pearl Harbor\n \n occurs. Oka sends a telegram to President Roosevelt offering his services and expresses the desire that Japan lose the war as quickly as possible so that its militarist regime would be brought down; these actions lead to members of the Japanese American community branding him a traitor. He later volunteers to go to India despite his advanced age to write and distribute propaganda for the U.S. After the war, the Japanese community continues to shun him despite the fact that the events of the war, in his opinion, have proved the rightness of his actions.",
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"description": "Short story by Kiyoshi Parker about an old woman whose trip to a\n \n Little Tokyo\n \n store with her great-granddaughter brings back memories of her camp experience. Alice Miyamoto visits Little Tokyo in Los Angeles for the first time in thirty years with her family. After lunch, her daughter suggests they go visit the\n \n Go For Broke Monument\n \n . But on the way, her four-year-old great-granddaughter drags her into a store and picks up a stuffed Totoro toy. Alice is immediately reminded of a stuffed bear she had as a child of about the same age that was her constant companion when she was in an unspecified concentration camp.",
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"description": "Short story by Yachiyo Uehara about a\n \n Nisei\n \n woman's bond with her deceased\n \n Issei\n \n mother in the years after the war. As the story begins, Yachiyo is on a plane from New York to San Francisco around 1950 with her two-year-old son Andy, the first time since the war years that she would be returning to her hometown. She will be moving there, initially staying with her Issei father. She is saddened that Andy will never meet her mother, whom she last saw in 1944 when she left\n \n Heart Mountain\n \n for New York and who subsequently died after they returned to San Francisco. She is relieved that her father, who dislikes children, tolerates Andy and even seems to like him. But she is also concerned about the dangerous stairs leading to the small house. She finds that despite her death two years prior, her mother's presence permeates the house. One day, while Yachiyo is fetching a first-aid kit after her father cuts his hand, she hears her mother's voice calling out Andy's Japanese name, \"Iwao-chan.\" She hurries outside to find Andy reaching perilously for a favorite blanket hanging from a branch over the stairs. After grabbing him before he can fall, she learns from her father that her mother had fallen in the same spot just prior to her death.",
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"description": "Short essay by\n \n Hisaye Yamamoto DeSoto\n \n about the Kumamoto-mura community near Oceanside, California, where her family lived just prior to World War II. The pleasant reminiscences of life there are tempered by recollections of the chaos after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the events leading up to the forced removal of Japanese Americans from the West Coast. The title of the story comes from the narrator's recollection of making a pot of rice intending to make rice balls on the day of their forced departure, but forgetting about it, leaving the full pot behind. Years later, she returns to the site of the community, which subsequently became a large military base which for a time housed tens of thousands of Southeast Asian refugees. Noting the similarities with the concentration camps she and her family were in, she observes that this group was the third group of Asians to come and go from the geographical area, after the Japanese Americans and the Native Americans before them.",
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"description": "Short story by Chester Sakamoto about an elderly Holocaust survivor who mistakenly gets off the bus in\n \n Little Tokyo\n \n , where he meets an elderly Nisei man. One Sunday, on his weekly visit to a friend in Pasadena, Mr. Muncznik gets off the bus too early and ends up in Little Tokyo. Sitting to get his bearings, he finds himself next to a statue of a Japanese man. Friendly Mr. Sata stops and explains that it is a statue of Chiune Sugihara, a Japanese diplomat who risked his career and safety to help thousands of Jews escape Lithuania during the war. Conversation ensues about each man's wartime experience—Mr. Sata had lived in Little Tokyo before the war and had been sent with his family to\n \n Heart Mountain\n \n —revealing a startling coincidence.",
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"description": "Short story about a young Nisei couple settling in \"Centreville,\" a fictional small town in California, after World War II. John and Mary Mori arrive and open a flower market in town. But despite John's military service and the couple's good deeds, the face anti-Japanese harassment before a series of events begin to turn the tide. Author Bradford Smith tells the story using fictitious newspaper articles, letters, and personal testimony.",
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"description": "Short story by Marnie Mueller set in an unspecified Japanese American concentration camp. As the story begins, Toru Horokawa, an\n \n Issei\n \n man, sits outside his barrack thinking about returning to Japan. He flashes back to the time of the exclusion, two years prior, as he and his wife disagree about the selling of their possessions to bargain seekers. He then recalls his recent clashes with his\n \n Nisei\n \n son, his only child, who has announced that he will be joining the army.",
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"description": "A snowfall at\n \n Topaz\n \n brings children out of the barracks to engage in snowball fights and snowman building. They recall friends back home and wish their non-Japanese American friends can join them in play. The very short story by\n \n Toshio Mori\n \n —dubbed \"A Sketch\"—appeared in the\n \n\n Pacific Citizen\n \n\n newspaper in 1945.",
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"description": "Short story murder mystery by\n \n Hisaye Yamamoto\n \n that takes place on the train taking forcibly removed Japanese Americans to the\n \n Poston\n \n , Arizona, concentration camp.\n \n Death Rides the Rails to Poston\n \n first appeared in serialized form in the\n \n\n Poston Chronicle\n \n\n newspaper in 1943.",
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"description": "Short story by Ernest Nagamatsu on the difficult adjustment to civilian life of a group of World War II veterans. Written in the first person voice of an ex-GI named Hamamoto in 1954, \"Doka B-100\" coveys both Hamamoto's alienation and the welcoming embrace of\n \n Little Tokyo Los Angeles\n \n . Estranged from his domineering father because of the way he left the service (despite serving heroically in the\n \n 442nd\n \n , he quit before his time was up) and his choice of social work as an occupation, Hamamoto's wife had decided to go back to her family in Chicago with their daughter to get away from the arguments. Finding a small apartment in Little Tokyo and a part time job in a diner, he finds a niche in starting to counsel the veterans who would gather in a Little Tokyo pool hall. That work eventually leads to a paying job with the Veterans Administration. The story also incorporates Hamamoto's concentration camp experience and how his family was able to keep their house with the help of neighbors. The title comes from the address of the pool hall and the veterans' customary greeting to each other.",
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"description": "Short story by Ferris Takahashi. A presumably young\n \n Sansei\n \n social worker and a colleague discuss the case of an elderly\n \n Issei\n \n homeless man who seems to want to remain homeless. Sections written from the perspective of the Issei man reveal his life as a laborer first on Hawai'i\n \n sugar plantations\n \n , then in the continental U.S. and the impact of his wartime incarceration and the razing of the residential hotel he once lived in.",
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"description": "Short story about a family returning to\n \n Little Tokyo\n \n from\n \n Rohwer\n \n . When fourteen-year-old Mari returns home with her parents, she expects to go to their old house, but is dismayed when they go to a run down residential hotel instead. Her father explains to her that they had rented the house they had lived in before the war, and they it was now being rented to someone else. Mari decides to walk to the house to take a last look. She finds an African American girl about her age on the swing in front. Initially suspicious, the girl becomes friendlier when Mari tells her why she and her family had to leave and invites her inside.",
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"title": "Gambling Den (short story)",
"description": "Short story by Akemi Kikumura about a Japanese American family in Lodi, California, on the eve of World War II. Told in the first person voice of fifteen-year-old Peggy Tanaka, the story begins with the Tanaka family's fateful purchase of a restaurant in 1941. The restaurant soon becomes a success as migrant workers are drawn to both Mrs. Tanaka's cooking and the beauty of Ann, Peggy's eighteen-year-old sister. Mr. Tanaka's decision to open a gambling den in back further adds to profits, despite Mrs. Tanaka's disapproval and the necessary kick-backs to a corrupt local policeman. But the Tanakas' lives are soon to be complicated by Ann's romance with a young man of burakumin (Japanese outcaste) origin, a conniving neighbor, and the impending roundup of Japanese Americans after the attack on Pearl Harbor.",
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"title": "Give Us This Day (short story)",
"description": "Short story by Henry H. Ebihara that presents a hopeful portrait of an\n \n Issei\n \n couple a year after\n \n resettlement\n \n . Mr. Sakamoto returns on a winter night from his night shift job at a factory to find his wife waiting for him with a hot meal. They discuss their good fortune, their son in the\n \n Military Intelligence Service\n \n in Burma, and their leaving the concentration camp with their children a year earlier.",
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"title": "Heiji (short story)",
"description": "Short story by Jeff Tsuyoshi Matsuda about a disheveled elderly\n \n Nisei\n \n widower who goes to a empty field in his Westchester, California, neighborhood every day for reasons that no one can figure out. In slowly revealing the reason for his quest, Heiji Taguma's wartime family history is revealed. His family had farmed twenty acres in the area before the war, but lost their crops and their farm in the mass incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II. Heiji's father Masu was among the\n \n Issei\n \n arrested by the FBI and was taken to the\n \n Bismarck\n \n , North Dakota internment camp, eventually rejoining his family at\n \n Manzanar\n \n . But he returned a broken man: while Heiji\n \n resettled in Chicago\n \n , he refused to leave Manzanar and died there just after the end of the war. Heiji's odd ritual seemed to have been triggered by the death of his wife Keiko, who had once cooked all his meals and washed and selected his clothes.",
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"title": "Home in the West (short story)",
"description": "Short story recounting the return to California by Hirosho Yugi and his wife after their incarceration at\n \n Heart Mountain\n \n . His initial happiness is dulled when a group of neighbors try to force him out, first by burning down a shed and throwing rocks through windows, then by the burning down of their house. The day after their house is torched, they receive a telegram informing them of the death of their son in combat in Italy.",
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{
"id": "Home Is the Expatriate (short story)",
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"title": "Home Is the Expatriate (short story)",
"description": "Short story by\n \n Larry Tajiri\n \n about a\n \n Nisei\n \n strandee just returned from Japan after a decade there. Joe Suzuki was a Nisei in Los Angeles who graduated high school in the mid 1930s. Unwilling to take the types of jobs available to Nisei at that time—primarily agricultural and/or manual labor type jobs—he first tried Hollywood, then went to Japan, as did many other Nisei at that time. He landed a white-collar job at a Japanese firm, but it proved to be a dead end job, and, as a Nisei, he drew suspicion from the police. He attempted to return to the U.S. in November 1941, but his ship turned around midway as war broke out, and he was stuck in Japan during the war. He returns embittered, his mother having died in an American concentration camp, and his father having\n \n resettled in Chicago\n \n .",
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"id": "Homecoming (short story)",
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"title": "Homecoming (short story)",
"description": "Short story by\n \n Toshio Mori\n \n about an\n \n Issei\n \n woman's first visit with her son Mamoru after he has been severely wounded in combat as a member of the\n \n 442nd Regimental Combat Team\n \n . \"Homecoming\" takes the form of a story told in the woman's first person voice to her grandchildren. It is one of several stories by Mori featuring the same woman published in the\n \n\n Pacific Citizen\n \n\n between 1949 and 1952 that later became the basis of his novel\n \n Woman from Hiroshima\n \n , published in 1978. The first half of the story is about her efforts to see her son after being allowed to leave\n \n Topaz\n \n to\n \n return to the West Coast\n \n . She is at first dismayed to learn that he has been moved to a military hospital in Auburn, California, known to be a hotbed of anti-Japanese racism. Arriving in Auburn, they see numerous anti-Japanese signs and are unable to find a place to stay until the Red Cross sends them to a Japanese American owned farm in the next town. The second half of the story is about her visit with Mamoru, whom she learns for the first time is confined to a wheelchair and may not ever be able to walk again.",
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"id": "Join Me in Laughter (short story)",
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"description": "A grandmother tells her grandchildren about the meaning of life, while recalling episodes related to her confinement and return from\n \n Topaz\n \n . Apparently the same character as in the story \"\n \n The Remembered Days\n \n ,\" published a year earlier, she recalls her adult children leaving Topaz behind to move on with their lives, acts of both prejudice and kindness upon her return to California, and the end of the war, while encouraging an optimistic attitude towards life.",
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"description": "Short story by Gretel Ehrlich told in the first person voice of an\n \n Issei\n \n woman as she rides the train back to California from\n \n Heart Mountain\n \n at war's end. The characters in the story were introduced in Ehrlich's earlier novel\n \n Heart Mountain\n \n .",
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"description": "Short story by\n \n Hisaye Yamamoto\n \n about an\n \n Issei\n \n man named Kazuyuki Matsumoto, who works as a dishwasher at a Las Vegas restaurant while gambling away his wages. In flashback, we learn of his life story: boyhood in Kumamoto prefecture, then migration to the U.S. where he becomes a successful farmer in Santa Maria, California, and is soon joined by a\n \n \"picture bride\"\n \n wife, Haru and two sons. But Haru's death in childbirth after the birth of their second son changes Kazuyuki's life decisively. He sends the two boys to live with his mother in Japan and becomes a migrant laborer. At first, he sends regular remittances home, but he soon picks up a gambling habit and the payments gradually come to an end. He later brings his Kibei sons back to the U.S., where they start a new farming venture in Orange County, California, this one less successful. Then comes World War II and the three end up in an Arizona concentration camp in Arizona. While Kazuyuki works as a mess hall chef and comes to be vaguely satisfied with his life in camp, his ambitious older son Isamu volunteers for the army, only to die in combat in Italy. His second son Noriyuki initially decides to return to Japan on an exchange ship, but changes his mind when he falls in love with a\n \n Nisei\n \n girl he had met in camp. He ends up as a Japanese instructor in the army and the couple marry and settle in Los Angeles, while Kazuyuki gravitates to Las Vegas, where his co-workers dub him \"Charley.\" Health problems bring him to L.A. for care, where he stays with his son's family, though he clashes with his daughter-in-law. Despite his promises, he can never give up his gambling habit.",
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