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            "title": "Dear Miye: Letters Home from Japan, 1939-1946 (book)",
            "description": "A collection of letters written by a young\n  \n   Nisei\n  \n  woman in Japan who becomes stuck there during World War II to her best friend who is still in California.",
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                "Desire to escape",
                "Displacement",
                "Family - blessing or curse",
                "Female roles",
                "Identity crisis",
                "Immigrant experience",
                "Isolation",
                "Loss of innocence",
                "Overcoming - fear, weakness, vice",
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            "id": "Ganbatte: Sixty-year Struggle of a Kibei Worker (book)",
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            "title": "Ganbatte: Sixty-year Struggle of a Kibei Worker (book)",
            "description": "Kibei\n  \n  -\n  \n   Nisei\n  \n  labor organizer and communist shares his life story, including his unique experiences during World War II as the husband of a white woman with a mixed-race child incarcerated while he served with the\n  \n   Military Intelligence Service\n  \n  in the Pacific Theater.",
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            "rg_genre": [
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            "rg_theme": [
                "Capitalism - effect on the individual",
                "Convention and rebellion",
                "Empowerment",
                "Important of community",
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                "Self-awareness",
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            "title": "American in Disguise (book)",
            "description": "American in Disguise\n  \n  is Daniel Okimoto's account of his search for identity in America and Japan. The book was originally published in 1971 by John Weatherhill, Inc, with a foreword by James Michener.",
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            "title": "Betrayed Trust: The Story of a Deported Issei and His American-Born Family During World War II (book)",
            "description": "A Nisei shares his family's heart-wrenching experience of wartime incarceration and the complex background behind their decision to go to Japan instead of staying in the U.S. after the end of the war.",
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                "Disillusionment and dreams",
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                "Heartbreak of betrayal",
                "Identity crisis",
                "Immigrant experience",
                "Losing hope"
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            "rg_readinglevel": [
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            "id": "Beyond Loyalty: The Story of a Kibei (book)",
            "model": "article",
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            "title": "Beyond Loyalty: The Story of a Kibei (book)",
            "description": "Memoir of\n  \n   Kibei\n  \n  scholar Minoru Kiyota (1923–2013) that focuses on the difficult World War II years that saw him incarcerated in American concentration camps and eventually renouncing his U.S. citizenship. Originally published as a Japanese language autobiographical novel in 1990, it was translated and reworked into an English language memoir published in 1997 by the University of Hawai'i Press.",
            "url_title": "Beyond Loyalty: The Story of a Kibei (book)",
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                "Adult"
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            "rg_theme": [
                "Evils of racism",
                "Growing up – pain or pleasure",
                "Individual versus society",
                "Role of Religion – virtue or hypocrisy",
                "Self – inner and outer"
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            "id": "Chikara!: A Sweeping Novel of Japan and America From 1907 to 1983 (book)",
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            "title": "Chikara!: A Sweeping Novel of Japan and America From 1907 to 1983 (book)",
            "description": "This work of historical fiction traces the tumultuous rise and fall of the Hoshi family, whose scion, Sataro, takes his wife Itoko and eldest son Noboru to California in 1907 to seek his fortune and restore his family's honor. He leaves his second son Hiroshi behind with family, a decision that marks the inauspicious first step of the tragic transpacific drama that unfolds over the course of the novel.",
            "url_title": "Chikara!: A Sweeping Novel of Japan and America From 1907 to 1983 (book)",
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                "Coming of age",
                "Death - inevitable or tragedy",
                "Disillusionment and dreams",
                "Displacement",
                "Emptiness of attaining a false dream",
                "Evils of racism",
                "Facing reality",
                "Family - blessing or curse",
                "Forgiveness",
                "Greed as downfall",
                "Fate and free will",
                "Heartbreak of betrayal",
                "Heroism - real and perceived",
                "Immigrant experience",
                "Individual versus society",
                "Inner versus outer strength",
                "Lost honor",
                "Lost love",
                "Nationalism - complications",
                "Patriotism - positive side or complications",
                "Power of the past",
                "Will to survive"
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            "id": "Children of the Atomic Bomb: An American Physician's Memoirs of Nagasaki, Hiroshima, and the Marshall Islands",
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            },
            "title": "Children of the Atomic Bomb: An American Physician's Memoirs of Nagasaki, Hiroshima, and the Marshall Islands",
            "description": "A Japanese American pediatrician reflects on his lifelong involvement with studying the effects of radiation on children, while also recalling his and his family's experiences during World War II.",
            "url_title": "Children of the Atomic Bomb: An American Physician's Memoirs of Nagasaki, Hiroshima, and the Marshall Islands",
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            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Books",
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        },
        {
            "id": "Color of the Sea (book)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "7 7/{'value': 24, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/Color%20of%20the%20Sea%20(book)/?format=api",
                "json": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/api/3.0/articles/Color%20of%20the%20Sea%20(book)/?format=api"
            },
            "title": "Color of the Sea (book)",
            "description": "A coming-of-age novel by first time novelist John Hamamura centering on a\n  \n   Kibei\n  \n  raised in Japan, Hawai'i, and California and that climaxes with his wartime experiences that include arrest, the\n  \n   Military Intelligence Service\n  \n  , and the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. The book won an Alex Award from the Young Adult Library Services Association in 2007.",
            "url_title": "Color of the Sea (book)",
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                "Arts"
            ],
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                "Grades 9-12",
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            "rg_genre": [
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            "rg_theme": [
                "Coming of age",
                "War - glory, necessity, pain, tragedy"
            ],
            "rg_readinglevel": [
                "Grades 6-8",
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
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            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Books",
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        },
        {
            "id": "Sanga moyu (film)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "8 8/{'value': 24, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/Sanga%20moyu%20(film)/?format=api",
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            },
            "title": "Sanga moyu (film)",
            "description": "Japanese television series that dramatized the Japanese American experience.\n  \n   Sanga moyu\n  \n  (Burning Mountains and Rivers) was a 1984 series produced by NHK, Japan's national broadcasting network. Consisting of 51 episodes that ran 45 minutes each, the series debuted on January 8, 1984, and ran through December 23, 1984. The story was based on the novel\n  \n   Futatsu no sokoku\n  \n  (Two Homelands) by Toyoko Yamasaki and focused on the Amo family of Los Angeles whose three\n  \n   Nisei\n  \n  sons chose different paths during World War II while the family was incarcerated at\n  \n   Manzanar\n  \n  : one who volunteers for the U.S. Army and fights in Europe, another who serves in the\n  \n   Military Intelligence Service\n  \n  during the war crimes trials and American occupation, and a third who is trapped in Japan at the outbreak of war and drafted into the Japanese army. Japanese American organizations in the continental United States objected to the portrayal of split Japanese American loyalties depicted in the series and prevented it from being broadcast there in the midst of the\n  \n   Redress Movement\n  \n  . It was shown on the Japanese language cable station Nippon Golden Network (NGN) in Hawai'i beginning in 1989 and reprised in 2002–03.",
            "url_title": "Sanga moyu (film)",
            "categories": [
                "Arts"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
                "films"
            ],
            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
                "Drama"
            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Family - blessing or curse",
                "Patriotism - positive side or complications"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "Limited availability"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Films and Video",
            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-film"
        },
        {
            "id": "Seki-nin (Duty Bound) (book)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "9 9/{'value': 24, 'relation': 'eq'}",
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            },
            "title": "Seki-nin (Duty Bound) (book)",
            "description": "Novel by George Nakagawa about a\n  \n   Nisei\n  \n  stranded in Japan during World War II.",
            "url_title": "Seki-nin (Duty Bound) (book)",
            "categories": [
                "Arts"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
                "books"
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
                "Historical Fiction"
            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Convention and rebellion",
                "Displacement",
                "Facing darkness",
                "Family – blessing or curse",
                "Power of tradition"
            ],
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            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-book"
        },
        {
            "id": "Hyakunen no monogatari (film)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "10 10/{'value': 24, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/Hyakunen%20no%20monogatari%20(film)/?format=api",
                "json": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/api/3.0/articles/Hyakunen%20no%20monogatari%20(film)/?format=api"
            },
            "title": "Hyakunen no monogatari (film)",
            "description": "Japanese television drama—whose English title is\n  \n   100 Years\n  \n  —that follows the fortunes of four generations of women over the course of the twentieth century. The three-part drama first aired in Japan on TBS on August 28 to 30, 2000, and was subsequently shown on Japanese language TV stations in the United States. The first segment begins in 1920 and ends in the late 1930s, the second begins in 1949 and covers the early postwar years, and the third takes place in 2000. Each segment stars Nanako Matsushima, who plays Aya Togura, born in 1901 in the first segment, her daughter in the second, and her great-granddaughter in the third. The second segment includes two major Japanese American characters, both of whom were incarcerated in American concentration camps.",
            "url_title": "Hyakunen no monogatari (film)",
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                "Arts"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
                "films"
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
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            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Love and sacrifice",
                "Role of women"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "Available"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Films and Video",
            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-film"
        },
        {
            "id": "Japanese Immigrants in the United States and the War Era (exhibition)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "11 11/{'value': 24, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
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            },
            "title": "Japanese Immigrants in the United States and the War Era (exhibition)",
            "description": "Exhibition on Japanese Americans during World War II at the National Museum of Japanese History in Chiba, Japan. Displayed from March 16, 2010, to April 3, 2011,\n  \n   Japanese Immigrants in the United States and the War Era\n  \n  commemorated the opening of the approximately 7,500 square foot Sixth Exhibition Gallery (which displays contemporary history) at the National Museum of Japanese History (hereafter Rekihaku).\n  \n\n    [1]\n   \n\n  The special exhibition was the first at a Japanese national institution to focus on Japanese Americans, attempting to bring them into the mainstream of Japanese history.",
            "url_title": "Japanese Immigrants in the United States and the War Era (exhibition)",
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            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
                "exhibitions"
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 6-8",
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
                "History"
            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Immigrant experience"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "No availability"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Museum Exhibitions",
            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-university"
        },
        {
            "id": "Journey to Washington (book)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "12 12/{'value': 24, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
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            },
            "title": "Journey to Washington (book)",
            "description": "Ghostwritten autobiography by Senator\n  \n   Daniel K. Inouye\n  \n  of Hawai'i, authored with Lawrence Elliott and published in 1967. One of the first autobiographies by a\n  \n   Nisei\n  \n  ,\n  \n   Journey to Washington\n  \n  was published as Inouye was finishing his first term as a U.S. Senator from Hawai'i and preparing to run for reelection. The book covers his life up to that time, beginning with his grandfather leaving Japan to come to America to pay off a debt and ending with his father visiting the White House to visit President John. F. Kennedy. A success story that established a template for many Nisei memoirs to come, the book reinforced the \"\n  \n   model minority\n  \n  \" narrative then current.\n  \n   Reader's Digest\n  \n  also excerpted the book in its February 1968 issue. The book includes three forewords, by President Lyndon Johnson, Vice-President Hubert Humphrey, and Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield.",
            "url_title": "Journey to Washington (book)",
            "categories": [
                "Chroniclers"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
                "books"
            ],
            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
                "Memoir"
            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Self-reliance",
                "Patriotism - positive side or complications",
                "Empowerment"
            ],
            "rg_readinglevel": [
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "Limited availability"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Books",
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        },
        {
            "id": "Looking After Minidoka: An American Memoir (book)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "13 13/{'value': 24, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
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            },
            "title": "Looking After Minidoka: An American Memoir (book)",
            "description": "A\n  \n   third-generation\n  \n  Japanese American shares the multi-generational story of both sides of his family, from immigration to the aftermath of Pearl Harbor and wartime incarceration, to\n  \n   resettlement\n  \n  and his own childhood.",
            "url_title": "Looking After Minidoka: An American Memoir (book)",
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                "Arts"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
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            "rg_genre": [
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            ],
            "rg_theme": [
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                "Coming of age",
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                "Female roles",
                "Growing up - pain or pleasure",
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                "Love and sacrifice",
                "Overcoming - fear, weakness, vice",
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        {
            "id": "Made in Japan and Settled in Oregon (book)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "14 14/{'value': 24, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
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            },
            "title": "Made in Japan and Settled in Oregon (book)",
            "description": "An Oregon-born\n  \n   Nisei\n  \n  woman shares her family's story, including her parents' efforts to establish a farm in Hood River, her childhood, and the impact of being taken from their home and incarcerated during World War II.",
            "url_title": "Made in Japan and Settled in Oregon (book)",
            "categories": [
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            ],
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                "Evils of racism",
                "Facing reality",
                "Growing up - pain or pleasure",
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            ],
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                "json": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/api/3.0/articles/MIS:%20Human%20Secret%20Weapon%20(film)/?format=api"
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                "War – glory, necessity, pain, tragedy"
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            "description": "Documentary film by Mary McDonald and Thomas McDonald Mazawa that tells the story of\n  \n   Nisei\n  \n  who were trapped in Japan during World War II based on interviews with ten such Nisei.",
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                "Displacement",
                "Facing darkness",
                "Nationalism – complications",
                "Self-preservation"
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                "Widely available"
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                "json": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/api/3.0/articles/Picture%20Bride%20(book)/?format=api"
            },
            "title": "Picture Bride (book)",
            "description": "The fictional account of a\n  \n   picture bride\n  \n  , from her arrival in the U.S. to the life she and her husband create for themselves with their daughter, to her experience of incarceration during World War II.",
            "url_title": "Picture Bride (book)",
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                "Arts"
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                "Change versus tradition",
                "Disillusionment and dreams",
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                "Facing reality",
                "Female roles",
                "Immigrant experience",
                "Importance of community",
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            "model": "article",
            "index": "18 18/{'value': 24, 'relation': 'eq'}",
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            "title": "A Century of Change: The Memoirs of Nellie Yae Sumiye Nakamura from 1902 to 2002 (book)",
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                "Disillusionment and dreams",
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                "Facing reality",
                "Family - blessing or curse",
                "Immigrant experience",
                "Injustice",
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            "description": "Retrospective exhibition at the\n  \n   Japanese American National Museum\n  \n  (JANM) featuring the work of\n  \n   Issei\n  \n  artist\n  \n   Henry Sugimoto\n  \n  , who was best known for his depictions of the wartime incarceration experience, many of them executed while he was confined at the\n  \n   Fresno\n  \n  ,\n  \n   Jerome\n  \n  , and\n  \n   Rohwer\n  \n  camps. Debuting at JANM in 2001, the exhibition subsequently traveled to Sacramento and to Arkansas.",
            "url_title": "Henry Sugimoto: Painting an American Experience (exhibition)",
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                "Chroniclers"
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            "id": "They Call Me Moses Masaoka: An American Saga (book)",
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