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            "id": "Dear Miye: Letters Home from Japan, 1939-1946 (book)",
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            },
            "title": "Dear Miye: Letters Home from Japan, 1939-1946 (book)",
            "description": "A collection of letters written by a young\n  \n   Nisei\n  \n  woman in Japan who becomes stuck there during World War II to her best friend who is still in California.",
            "url_title": "Dear Miye: Letters Home from Japan, 1939-1946 (book)",
            "categories": [
                "Arts"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
                "books"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
                "Memoir",
                "Historical nonfiction"
            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Coming of age",
                "Companionship as salvation",
                "Desire to escape",
                "Displacement",
                "Family - blessing or curse",
                "Female roles",
                "Identity crisis",
                "Immigrant experience",
                "Isolation",
                "Loss of innocence",
                "Overcoming - fear, weakness, vice",
                "Self-preservation",
                "War - glory, necessity, pain, tragedy",
                "Will to survive"
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            "id": "Alice and the Bear (short story)",
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            "index": "1 1/{'value': 21, 'relation': 'eq'}",
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                "json": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/api/3.0/articles/Alice%20and%20the%20Bear%20(short%20story)/?format=api"
            },
            "title": "Alice and the Bear (short story)",
            "description": "Short story by Kiyoshi Parker about an old woman whose trip to a\n  \n   Little Tokyo\n  \n  store with her great-granddaughter brings back memories of her camp experience. Alice Miyamoto visits Little Tokyo in Los Angeles for the first time in thirty years with her family. After lunch, her daughter suggests they go visit the\n  \n   Go For Broke Monument\n  \n  . But on the way, her four-year-old great-granddaughter drags her into a store and picks up a stuffed Totoro toy. Alice is immediately reminded of a stuffed bear she had as a child of about the same age that was her constant companion when she was in an unspecified concentration camp.",
            "url_title": "Alice and the Bear (short story)",
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                "Arts"
            ],
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                "short stories"
            ],
            "rg_interestlevel": [
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                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Companionship as salvation",
                "Desire to escape",
                "Growing up – pain or pleasure",
                "Power of the past"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "Widely available"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Short Stories",
            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-file-text"
        },
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            "id": "Time of Decay (short story)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "2 2/{'value': 21, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
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            "title": "Time of Decay (short story)",
            "description": "Short story by Ferris Takahashi of an Issei woman whose family puts her in a cold nursing home against her will at the end of her life. Told from the perspective of the woman, she recalls her forced removal and incarceration in unspecified concentration camps and other episodes in her life.",
            "url_title": "Time of Decay (short story)",
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                "Arts"
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                "short stories"
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
                "Fiction"
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            "rg_theme": [
                "Desire to escape",
                "Family—blessing or curse",
                "Loneliness as destructive force",
                "Losing hope"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "Widely available"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Short Stories",
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        {
            "id": "Upon Their Shoulders (book)",
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            },
            "title": "Upon Their Shoulders (book)",
            "description": "Novel centering on a Japanese American family in Hawai'i that may have been the first English-language published novel by a Japanese American about the Japanese American experience. Beginning with immigration and\n  \n   sugar plantations\n  \n  , the novel ends in the World War II era, addressing issues of internment, loyalty, and multiculturalism.",
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                "Arts"
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                "Adult"
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            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Change versus tradition",
                "Desire to escape",
                "Disillusionment and dreams",
                "Family – blessing or curse",
                "Immigrant experience",
                "Overcoming – fear, weakness, vice"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
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            "id": "The Travelers (short story)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "4 4/{'value': 21, 'relation': 'eq'}",
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            },
            "title": "The Travelers (short story)",
            "description": "Short story by\n  \n   Toshio Mori\n  \n  centering on two groups of inmates as they leave\n  \n   Topaz\n  \n  . One group of nine are those leaving the camp permanently to \"\n  \n   resettle\n  \n  \" in areas outside the restricted area of the West Coast; the other group consists of those who are visiting town briefly to shop or to see off relatives before returning to the camp. Those leaving for good includes a soldier leaving for the battlefront and being seen off by his mother, as well as those leaving for jobs in cities such as\n  \n   New York\n  \n  and\n  \n   Chicago\n  \n  . As the resettlers exchange information about their destinations, the soldier is drawn to an attractive young woman heading to Chicago, but does not speak to her. After the train leaves, a white family offers a ride to town to the mother of the soldier. \"The Travelers\" originally appeared in the Topaz literary publication\n  \n\n    All Aboard\n   \n\n  in 1944 and was republished in Mori's short story collections\n  \n   The Chauvinist and Other Stories\n  \n  in 1979 and\n  \n   Unfinished Message: Selected Works of Toshio Mori\n  \n  in 2000.",
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                "Arts"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
                "short stories"
            ],
            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
                "Fiction"
            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Desire to escape",
                "Optimism – power or folly",
                "Power of silence"
            ],
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                "Widely available"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Short Stories",
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            "id": "Tsuru (film)",
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            },
            "title": "Tsuru (film)",
            "description": "Short dramatic film about an elderly\n  \n   Issei\n  \n  couple whose attempt to avoid the mass roundup of Japanese Americans during World War II is aided by a white nurse.\n  \n   Tsuru\n  \n  was a senior year project at Chapman University by Chris K. T. Bright.",
            "url_title": "Tsuru (film)",
            "categories": [
                "Arts"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
                "films"
            ],
            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
                "Drama"
            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Desire to escape",
                "Evils of racism",
                "Individual versus society",
                "Will to survive"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "Widely available"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Films and Video",
            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-film"
        },
        {
            "id": "Before They Take Us Away (film)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "6 6/{'value': 21, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
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            },
            "title": "Before They Take Us Away (film)",
            "description": "Documentary film on \"\n  \n   voluntary evacuation\n  \n  ,\" built around interviews with Japanese Americans whose families were among the roughly 5,000 who left the West Coast restricted area prior to the forced removal of Japanese Americans. After providing background on the prewar context and beginning of World War II, the bulk of the film focuses on the experiences of the families, most of whom moved to Utah or Colorado where they faced much hardship and discrimination, while also retaining their freedom. The film also specifically notes the case of\n  \n   Keetley Farms\n  \n  , a Nikkei settlement in Utah. The film is narrated in the first-person by Evelyn Nakano Glenn, who also reflects on her own family's wartime experience. The interviews are augmented by voice actors reading quotes from key officials and newspaper accounts from the time.",
            "url_title": "Before They Take Us Away (film)",
            "categories": [
                "Chroniclers",
                "Arts"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
                "films"
            ],
            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Desire to escape",
                "Evils of racism",
                "War – glory, necessity, pain, tragedy"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "Widely available"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Films and Video",
            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-film"
        },
        {
            "id": "Sleeping on Potatoes: A Lumpy Adventure from Manzanar to the Corporate Tower (book)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "7 7/{'value': 21, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/Sleeping%20on%20Potatoes:%20A%20Lumpy%20Adventure%20from%20Manzanar%20to%20the%20Corporate%20Tower%20(book)/?format=api",
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            },
            "title": "Sleeping on Potatoes: A Lumpy Adventure from Manzanar to the Corporate Tower (book)",
            "description": "Memoir of a Nisei, from his early childhood as the son of a violent father and a loving mother, his experience incarcerated at\n  \n   Manzanar\n  \n  , his career as a successful physicist at Honeywell, and his years after retiring.",
            "url_title": "Sleeping on Potatoes: A Lumpy Adventure from Manzanar to the Corporate Tower (book)",
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                "Arts"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
                "books"
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            "rg_theme": [
                "Coming of age",
                "Desire to escape",
                "Displacement",
                "Facing reality",
                "Overcoming - fear, weakness, vice",
                "Social mobility"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "Limited availability"
            ],
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        {
            "id": "Shinkichi Tajiri: A Friendship Knot for Bruyeres (film)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "8 8/{'value': 21, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/Shinkichi%20Tajiri:%20A%20Friendship%20Knot%20for%20Bruyeres%20(film)/?format=api",
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            },
            "title": "Shinkichi Tajiri: A Friendship Knot for Bruyeres (film)",
            "description": "Short video on sculptor Shinkichi Tajiri by A. T. Roberts, made to document Tajiri's gift of a sculpture honoring the\n  \n   442nd Regimental Combat Team\n  \n  to the French city of Bruyeres, which had been liberated by the 442nd during World War II. Footage of Tajiri making the sculpture and footage of the 50th anniversary commemoration of the liberation in 1994 begin and end the video, with Tajiri's own first person account of his life and career starting from the attack on Pearl Harbor in between. Tajiri recalls his and his family's forced removal and incarceration at\n  \n   Santa Anita\n  \n  and\n  \n   Poston\n  \n  , joining the 442nd, and deciding to move to Europe after the war to pursue an art career and to escape from discrimination in the U.S. Tajiri's autobiographical narrative is accompanied by photographs of him and his family and of his many works of art.",
            "url_title": "Shinkichi Tajiri: A Friendship Knot for Bruyeres (film)",
            "categories": [
                "Arts"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
                "films"
            ],
            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
                "Documentary"
            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Desire to escape",
                "Expression through art",
                "Self-awareness"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "Limited availability"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Films and Video",
            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-film"
        },
        {
            "id": "The Broken Lines of Age (short story)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "9 9/{'value': 21, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/The%20Broken%20Lines%20of%20Age%20(short%20story)/?format=api",
                "json": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/api/3.0/articles/The%20Broken%20Lines%20of%20Age%20(short%20story)/?format=api"
            },
            "title": "The Broken Lines of Age (short story)",
            "description": "Short story by Jimmy Tokeshi about an\n  \n   Issei\n  \n  grandfather who takes his nineteen-year-old granddaughter on an impromptu pilgrimage to\n  \n   Manzanar\n  \n  on Christmas Eve decades after his wartime incarceration there.",
            "url_title": "The Broken Lines of Age (short story)",
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                "Arts"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
                "short stories"
            ],
            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Communication – verbal and nonverbal",
                "Desire to escape",
                "Power of the past"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "Widely available"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Short Stories",
            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-file-text"
        },
        {
            "id": "The Colorado Experience: Freedom and Poverty (film)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "10 10/{'value': 21, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/The%20Colorado%20Experience:%20Freedom%20and%20Poverty%20(film)/?format=api",
                "json": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/api/3.0/articles/The%20Colorado%20Experience:%20Freedom%20and%20Poverty%20(film)/?format=api"
            },
            "title": "The Colorado Experience: Freedom and Poverty (film)",
            "description": "Documentary film that looks at the experience of one Japanese American family from California that\n  \n   \"voluntarily\" migrates\n  \n  to rural Colorado to avoid the mass forced removal of Japanese Americans living on the West Coast in 1942. Bryan Yokomi, a young descendant of that family, produced and directed the 31 minute film.",
            "url_title": "The Colorado Experience: Freedom and Poverty (film)",
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                "Arts"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
                "films"
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
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            ],
            "rg_genre": [
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            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Desire to escape",
                "Injustice",
                "Overcoming – fear, weakness, vice"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "Widely available"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Films and Video",
            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-film"
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            "id": "Little Women (A Multicultural Transposition) (play)",
            "model": "article",
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            "links": {
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            },
            "title": "Little Women (A Multicultural Transposition) (play)",
            "description": "Play by Velina Hasu Houston that reimagines Louisa May Alcott's 19th century novel\n  \n   Little Women\n  \n  , setting it in early postwar Los Angeles with four Japanese American sisters at its center.",
            "url_title": "Little Women (A Multicultural Transposition) (play)",
            "categories": [
                "Arts"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Coming of age",
                "Desire to escape",
                "Family – blessing or curse",
                "Female roles",
                "Overcoming – fear, weakness, vice"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "No availability"
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            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Plays",
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        {
            "id": "Manzanar Daze and Cold Nights (book)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "12 12/{'value': 21, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/Manzanar%20Daze%20and%20Cold%20Nights%20(book)/?format=api",
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            "title": "Manzanar Daze and Cold Nights (book)",
            "description": "Posthumously published memoir by a\n  \n   Nisei\n  \n  man about his years at\n  \n   Manzanar\n  \n  during World War II.",
            "url_title": "Manzanar Daze and Cold Nights (book)",
            "categories": [
                "Arts"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
                "books"
            ],
            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 7-8",
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
                "Memoir"
            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Desire to escape",
                "Importance of community",
                "Reunion"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
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            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Books",
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        },
        {
            "id": "Manzanar Fishing Club (film)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "13 13/{'value': 21, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/Manzanar%20Fishing%20Club%20(film)/?format=api",
                "json": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/api/3.0/articles/Manzanar%20Fishing%20Club%20(film)/?format=api"
            },
            "title": "Manzanar Fishing Club (film)",
            "description": "Feature length documentary film on\n  \n   Manzanar\n  \n  inmates who temporarily escaped from the confines of the camp to fish in the nearby streams and mountains. In addition to interviews with former inmate fishermen (and women) and archival images,\n  \n   The Manzanar Fishing Club\n  \n  also tells its story using animation and recreated scenes with actors. The film had a limited theatrical release in April 2012 and was released on DVD on October 30, 2012. It was funded in part by grants from the\n  \n   California Civil Liberties Public Education Program\n  \n  and the\n  \n   Japanese American Confinement Sites Grant program\n  \n  .",
            "url_title": "Manzanar Fishing Club (film)",
            "categories": [
                "Arts"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
                "films"
            ],
            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 6-8",
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
                "Documentary"
            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Desire to escape"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "Available"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Films and Video",
            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-film"
        },
        {
            "id": "Pleasure of Plain Rice (short story)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "14 14/{'value': 21, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/Pleasure%20of%20Plain%20Rice%20(short%20story)/?format=api",
                "json": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/api/3.0/articles/Pleasure%20of%20Plain%20Rice%20(short%20story)/?format=api"
            },
            "title": "Pleasure of Plain Rice (short story)",
            "description": "Essay/story by\n  \n   Hisaye Yamamoto\n  \n  on racial identity that focuses on her month-long stint as a domestic in Springfield, Massachusetts, during World War II. She begins the piece by noting various white Americans she knows who have changed their ethnic-sounding last names to less ethnic sounding ones, noting the futility of her doing such a thing as a Japanese American, citing the mass incarceration during World War II. Anxious to leave\n  \n   Poston\n  \n  , where she and her family ended up, she and two of her younger brothers are allowed to leave for Massachusetts in the summer of 1944. While her fifteen-year-old brother Yuke is placed in a summer camp in the Berkshires, the\n  \n   War Relocation Authority\n  \n  office in Boston assigns her and her seventeen-year-old brother Jemo to become domestic servants for a wealthy widow in Springfield. Both initially dislike the stern and formal family and the job duties that had to be completed in different uniforms. Though mostly familiar with Japanese dishes, the narrator nonetheless finds herself cooking Western-style food for the family. When finally asked to make a Japanese meal for guests, she is appalled to find the guests dousing their rice with soy sauce. After a month, the three are called back to Poston by their father after hearing of the death of her other brother, John, in Italy as a member of the\n  \n   442nd Regimental Combat Team\n  \n  .",
            "url_title": "Pleasure of Plain Rice (short story)",
            "categories": [
                "Arts"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
                "short stories"
            ],
            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
                "Memoir"
            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Desire to escape",
                "Self-awareness",
                "Working class struggles"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "Limited availability"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Short Stories",
            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-file-text"
        },
        {
            "id": "Crafting History: Arts and Crafts from America's Concentration Camps (exhibition)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "15 15/{'value': 21, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/Crafting%20History:%20Arts%20and%20Crafts%20from%20America's%20Concentration%20Camps%20(exhibition)/?format=api",
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            },
            "title": "Crafting History: Arts and Crafts from America's Concentration Camps (exhibition)",
            "description": "2002 exhibition at the\n  \n   Japanese American National Museum\n  \n  (JANM).\n  \n   Crafting History\n  \n  highlighted some 400 objects from JANM's collection made by Japanese Americans held in American concentration camps during World War II, ranging from a five foot tall Buddhist altar carved in\n  \n   Heart Mountain\n  \n  to bird pins, clothing and other textiles, and furniture. Curated by Kristine Kim, the exhibition opened on November 16, 2002. A full slate of public programs took place during the six-month run of the exhibition, including many crafting workshops. Craft items from the camps were also the subject of\n  \n   The Art of Gaman\n  \n  , a lavishly illustrated book published in 2005 and an exhibition that traveled around the country and in Japan starting in 2010.",
            "url_title": "Crafting History: Arts and Crafts from America's Concentration Camps (exhibition)",
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            "rg_theme": [
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            "title": "Rosebud (short story)",
            "description": "Short story by\n  \n   Wakako Yamauchi\n  \n  that traces the friendship and rivalry between the narrator and another Japanese American girl/woman from childhood in the 1930s through the incarceration period to old age. In the section that takes place at\n  \n   Poston\n  \n  , the narrator works for the\n  \n\n    Poston Chronicle\n   \n\n  while Marion is prohibited from working by her overprotective mother until she suffers a nervous breakdown. Later, Marion marries a prominent non-Japanese American economist and largely lives her life outside the ethnic community.",
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            "id": "Arts and Crafts from the Camps: The Arkansas Camp Experience (exhibition)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "17 17/{'value': 21, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
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            "title": "Arts and Crafts from the Camps: The Arkansas Camp Experience (exhibition)",
            "description": "Exhibition of art and craft objects created by Japanese American inmates at the Arkansas concentration camps. Curated by the University of Arkansas at Little Rock Public History Program in 2004, the exhibition included objects from the collection of Rosalie Gould, a former mayor of McGehee, Arkansas, who had amassed a substantial private collection.\n  \n\n    [1]\n   \n\n\n   Arts and Crafts from the Camps\n  \n  was one of the eight exhibitions mounted in the Little Rock area that were part of the\n  \n   Life Interrupted\n  \n  project, a collaboration between the\n  \n   Japanese American National Museum\n  \n  and the University of Arkansas at Little Rock.",
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            "id": "A Brother Is a Stranger (book)",
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            "title": "A Brother Is a Stranger (book)",
            "description": "Memoir of a young Japanese immigrant/refugee Christian about his upbringing and travails in Japan, his journey to the U.S. and his wartime internment, and his postwar observations in Japan. Published in 1946 by the John Day Company, it was among the first books by a Japanese American to appear after the war.",
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                "Immigrant experience",
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                "Nationalism – complications",
                "Power of tradition"
            ],
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            "id": "Snow Falling on Cedars (book)",
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            "title": "Snow Falling on Cedars (book)",
            "description": "A World War II veteran reporting for his small town newspaper covers the trial of a local Japanese American man charged with murder while he struggles with his complicated feelings for the defendant's wife, his first love.",
            "url_title": "Snow Falling on Cedars (book)",
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                "Fear of other",
                "Immigrant experience",
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            ],
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            "id": "Crossings: 10 Views of America's Concentration Camps (exhibition)",
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            "links": {
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            "title": "Crossings: 10 Views of America's Concentration Camps (exhibition)",
            "description": "2009 exhibition at the\n  \n   Japanese American National Museum\n  \n  featuring the work of ten artists, juxtaposing work created by\n  \n   Issei\n  \n  and\n  \n   Nisei\n  \n  artists in the concentration camps and works by contemporary artists that draw on that experience. The \"crossings\" in the title refers to the \"crossing point between generations\" that the exhibition strives to provide. Featured artists included Sesshu Foster,\n  \n   Masumi Hayashi\n  \n  ,\n  \n   Hisako Hibi\n  \n  ,\n  \n   Toyo Miyatake\n  \n  , Tadashi Nakamura,\n  \n   Benji Okubo\n  \n  ,\n  \n   Mine Okubo\n  \n  , Shizu Saldamando, Renee Tajima-Peña, and\n  \n   Sadayuki Uno\n  \n  .\n  \n   Crossings\n  \n  opened on April 2, 2009.",
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            ],
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