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            "id": "An American Christmas (short story)",
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            },
            "title": "An American Christmas (short story)",
            "description": "Short story by Alice Nash centering on an elderly\n  \n   Issei\n  \n  woman in contemporary New York. As she struggles to carry a bag of rice home to her apartment, she reflects on her\n  \n   arrival in New York\n  \n  with her late husband after leaving the concentration camp and the kind Yamaguchi family who put them up while refusing to take money from them. They eventually opened a cleaning shop that helped pay for their only son's college education. A successful businessman in California, the son takes her on a trip every year, but largely keeps her away from her grandchildren due to his white wife's discomfort with her. When she gets back to her apartment, the family of the building's supervisor, the Gonzalez family, invites her to their home to help decorate their Christmas tree.",
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            ],
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                "Family – blessing or curse",
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                "Working class struggles"
            ],
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            "id": "An Internment Odyssey: Haisho Tenten (book)",
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            "title": "An Internment Odyssey: Haisho Tenten (book)",
            "description": "An Internment Odyssey: Haisho Tenten\n  \n  is the third book in a series published by the Japanese Cultural Center of Hawai'i and University of Hawai'i Press of a Hawai'i inmate's account of their incarceration experience during World War II. It represents a critical addition to Japanese American history as it provides the perspective of an\n  \n   Issei\n  \n  from Hawai'i who authorities incarcerated at multiple sites in the Islands and the mainland. The author,\n  \n   Kumaji Furuya\n  \n  , thus gives voice to some of the experiences faced by the 1,320 inmates from Hawai'i who like Furuya were often separated from their families for the duration of the war.",
            "url_title": "An Internment Odyssey: Haisho Tenten (book)",
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            "title": "The Brighter Side of Dark: Toyo Miyatake, 1895-1979 (film)",
            "description": "A 1996 short documentary film by Robert Nakamura about the life and career of Los Angeles photographer\n  \n   Toyo Miyatake\n  \n  . Through Miyatake's personal and artistic life (he was very much engaged with other modernists of the 1920s and '30s), the film reveals the vibrant artistic and intellectual milieu of Los Angeles's Little Tokyo district prior to World War II as well as the impact\n  \n   Executive Order 9066\n  \n  and Miyatake's wartime incarceration had on his artistic career. Using a camera lens that he smuggled into the camp at\n  \n   Manzanar\n  \n  where he was incarcerated, Miyatake reconstructed a camera and eventually became the official camp photographer, producing iconic images of camp life and the landscape of the Eastern Sierras. After the war, Miyatake was able to reconstruct his photography business and resume work at his studio in Little Tokyo. For generations, he was the community's most trusted portrait photographer, enlisted for weddings, graduations, and other celebratory milestones in the lives of Japanese Americans.",
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            "title": "Chikara!: A Sweeping Novel of Japan and America From 1907 to 1983 (book)",
            "description": "This work of historical fiction traces the tumultuous rise and fall of the Hoshi family, whose scion, Sataro, takes his wife Itoko and eldest son Noboru to California in 1907 to seek his fortune and restore his family's honor. He leaves his second son Hiroshi behind with family, a decision that marks the inauspicious first step of the tragic transpacific drama that unfolds over the course of the novel.",
            "url_title": "Chikara!: A Sweeping Novel of Japan and America From 1907 to 1983 (book)",
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                "Fate and free will",
                "Heartbreak of betrayal",
                "Heroism - real and perceived",
                "Immigrant experience",
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                "Inner versus outer strength",
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                "Patriotism - positive side or complications",
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            "id": "Child Prisoner in American Concentration Camps (book)",
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                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/Child%20Prisoner%20in%20American%20Concentration%20Camps%20(book)/?format=api",
                "json": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/api/3.0/articles/Child%20Prisoner%20in%20American%20Concentration%20Camps%20(book)/?format=api"
            },
            "title": "Child Prisoner in American Concentration Camps (book)",
            "description": "Memoir of a childhood spent in American concentration camps by a Nisei educator and activist from Seattle.",
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                "Arts"
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                "Evils of racism",
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                "Immigrant experience",
                "Working class struggles"
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        {
            "id": "Seed: The Life of the Rice King and His Kin (film)",
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            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/Seed:%20The%20Life%20of%20the%20Rice%20King%20and%20His%20Kin%20(film)/?format=api",
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            },
            "title": "Seed: The Life of the Rice King and His Kin (film)",
            "description": "Japanese produced documentary film on\n  \n   Issei\n  \n  rice farming pioneer Keisaburo Koda and the family business he founded in Dos Palos, California.",
            "url_title": "Seed: The Life of the Rice King and His Kin (film)",
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                "Arts"
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
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            "rg_theme": [
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                "Immigrant experience",
                "Individual versus society",
                "Overcoming – fear, weakness, vice",
                "Wisdom of experience"
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        {
            "id": "Civil Rights and Japanese-American Internment (curricula)",
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            "links": {
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            },
            "title": "Civil Rights and Japanese-American Internment (curricula)",
            "description": "Developed in 2000 by the Stanford Program on International and Cross-Cultural Education (SPICE) and the Institute for International Studies (IIS) at Stanford University, this high school/college curriculum module presents civil rights in the context of the Japanese-American experience from immigration in the early 20th century to World War II, and on through more contemporary issues of\n  \n   redress, reparations\n  \n  and memorializing the incarceration. Organized into six lessons, this curriculum can provide up to three weeks of stand-alone instruction or select lessons can be used to augment U.S. history textbook coverage.",
            "url_title": "Civil Rights and Japanese-American Internment (curricula)",
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                "Immigrant experience",
                "Individual versus society",
                "Injustice",
                "Overcoming",
                "Patriotism",
                "Rights",
                "War"
            ],
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        {
            "id": "Though I Be Crushed: The Wartime Experiences of a Buddhist Minister (book)",
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            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/Though%20I%20Be%20Crushed:%20The%20Wartime%20Experiences%20of%20a%20Buddhist%20Minister%20(book)/?format=api",
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            },
            "title": "Though I Be Crushed: The Wartime Experiences of a Buddhist Minister (book)",
            "description": "Translated memoir of an\n  \n   Issei\n  \n  Buddhist priest focusing on his wartime incarceration at several camps.",
            "url_title": "Though I Be Crushed: The Wartime Experiences of a Buddhist Minister (book)",
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                "Arts"
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                "Immigrant experience",
                "Injustice"
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        {
            "id": "The Crystal City (film)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "9 34/{'value': 64, 'relation': 'eq'}",
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                "json": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/api/3.0/articles/The%20Crystal%20City%20(film)/?format=api"
            },
            "title": "The Crystal City (film)",
            "description": "Documentary film about the\n  \n   Crystal City\n  \n  internment camp by Kenya Gillespie. The short film tells the story of three families—the Utsushigawas from\n  \n   Peru\n  \n  , the Fukudas from San Francisco, and Eisorlohs,\n  \n   German Americans\n  \n  from Ohio—through narration and mostly contemporary footage of the Crystal City site, as well as images from a contemporaneous Crystal City government film. There is also a brief excerpt of remarks by another internee, Haru Kuromiya.",
            "url_title": "The Crystal City (film)",
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                "Arts"
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                "films"
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
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            "rg_genre": [
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            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Immigrant experience",
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                "Power of the past"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
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            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-film"
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        {
            "id": "Honoring Alameda's Japanese American History (film)",
            "model": "article",
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            "title": "Honoring Alameda's Japanese American History (film)",
            "description": "Conventional documentary on the history of the Japanese American community in Alameda, California, that is more or less equally divided between the prewar years and wartime incarceration/aftermath. Perhaps due to sponsorship by the Buddhist Temple of Alameda and the Buena Vista United Methodist Church, there is a focus on the history and activities of those two institutions throughout. While the first half is specifically on the Japanese American community in Alameda and is thus somewhat unique, the section on the wartime removal and incarceration is more general and thus repeats information that can be found elsewhere.",
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            "rg_genre": [
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            "rg_theme": [
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                "Immigrant experience",
                "Role of Religion – virtue or hypocrisy"
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            "id": "Imprisoned Apart: The World War II Correspondence of an Issei Couple (book)",
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            "links": {
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            },
            "title": "Imprisoned Apart: The World War II Correspondence of an Issei Couple (book)",
            "description": "An intimate history of one\n  \n   Issei\n  \n  couple's experience of World War II, including transcriptions of the letters they sent each other when they were incarcerated apart.",
            "url_title": "Imprisoned Apart: The World War II Correspondence of an Issei Couple (book)",
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
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            ],
            "rg_genre": [
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            ],
            "rg_theme": [
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                "Facing darkness",
                "Facing reality",
                "Immigrant experience",
                "Isolation",
                "Will to survive"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "Available"
            ],
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            "id": "The Invisible Thread (book)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "12 37/{'value': 64, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
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            },
            "title": "The Invisible Thread (book)",
            "description": "Memoir for young adult readers by the acclaimed children's book author that covers her charmed childhood in Berkeley, California, and her wartime incarceration during World War II.",
            "url_title": "The Invisible Thread (book)",
            "categories": [
                "Arts"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
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                "Grades 7-8",
                "Grades 9-12"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
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                "Children's"
            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Immigrant experience",
                "Growing up – pain or pleasure",
                "Expression through art",
                "Facing darkness",
                "Overcoming – fear, weakness, vice"
            ],
            "rg_readinglevel": [
                "Grades 3-5",
                "Grades 7-8"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "Widely available"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Books",
            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-book"
        },
        {
            "id": "Japanese Americans Struggle for Equality (book)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "13 38/{'value': 64, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/Japanese%20Americans%20Struggle%20for%20Equality%20(book)/?format=api",
                "json": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/api/3.0/articles/Japanese%20Americans%20Struggle%20for%20Equality%20(book)/?format=api"
            },
            "title": "Japanese Americans Struggle for Equality (book)",
            "description": "Early overview book for young readers on the Japanese American experience framed through a lens of discrimination and the responses to it. Issued as part of a \"Discrimination\" series on various ethnic groups by Rourke Corporation (now Rourke Educational Media), it was published in 1992.",
            "url_title": "Japanese Americans Struggle for Equality (book)",
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                "Arts"
            ],
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            ],
            "rg_interestlevel": [
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            ],
            "rg_genre": [
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            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Immigrant experience",
                "Injustice",
                "Progress – real or illusion",
                "Social mobility"
            ],
            "rg_readinglevel": [
                "Grades 9-12"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
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            ],
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            "id": "Japanese Immigrants in the United States and the War Era (exhibition)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "14 39/{'value': 64, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/Japanese%20Immigrants%20in%20the%20United%20States%20and%20the%20War%20Era%20(exhibition)/?format=api",
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            },
            "title": "Japanese Immigrants in the United States and the War Era (exhibition)",
            "description": "Exhibition on Japanese Americans during World War II at the National Museum of Japanese History in Chiba, Japan. Displayed from March 16, 2010, to April 3, 2011,\n  \n   Japanese Immigrants in the United States and the War Era\n  \n  commemorated the opening of the approximately 7,500 square foot Sixth Exhibition Gallery (which displays contemporary history) at the National Museum of Japanese History (hereafter Rekihaku).\n  \n\n    [1]\n   \n\n  The special exhibition was the first at a Japanese national institution to focus on Japanese Americans, attempting to bring them into the mainstream of Japanese history.",
            "url_title": "Japanese Immigrants in the United States and the War Era (exhibition)",
            "categories": [
                "Chroniclers"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
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            ],
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                "No availability"
            ],
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            "id": "The Japanese in America (book)",
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            "title": "The Japanese in America (book)",
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                "Chroniclers"
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                "Grades 7-8"
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                "Empowerment",
                "Evils of racism",
                "Immigrant experience",
                "Overcoming – fear, weakness, vice"
            ],
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                "Grades 3-5"
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                "Available"
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            "id": "Justice Denied: A History of the Japanese in the United States (book)",
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            },
            "title": "Justice Denied: A History of the Japanese in the United States (book)",
            "description": "Early overview of the history of Japanese Americans for young readers by British author/activist Jennifer Cross.",
            "url_title": "Justice Denied: A History of the Japanese in the United States (book)",
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                "Chroniclers"
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                "books"
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                "Grades 7-8"
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                "History",
                "Children's"
            ],
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                "Evils of racism",
                "Immigrant experience",
                "Injustice",
                "Overcoming – fear, weakness, vice"
            ],
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                "Grades 3-5",
                "Grades 7-8"
            ],
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                "Limited availability"
            ],
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        },
        {
            "id": "Kai's Mother (short story)",
            "model": "article",
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                "Motherhood",
                "Will to survive",
                "Wisdom of experience"
            ],
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                "Available"
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            "id": "Life behind Barbed Wire: The World War II Internment Memoirs of a Hawaii Issei (book)",
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            "title": "Life behind Barbed Wire: The World War II Internment Memoirs of a Hawaii Issei (book)",
            "description": "Internment memoir by Honolulu\n  \n   Issei\n  \n  publisher and community leader\n  \n   Yasutaro Soga\n  \n  . Originally published in 1948 as\n  \n   Tessaku seikatsu\n  \n  , it was translated into English by Kihei Hirai and a team of volunteers at the Japanese Cultural Center of Hawai'i (JCCH) and published by the University of Hawai'i Press in 2008.",
            "url_title": "Life behind Barbed Wire: The World War II Internment Memoirs of a Hawaii Issei (book)",
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                "Arts"
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            ],
            "rg_genre": [
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                "Facing reality",
                "Immigrant experience",
                "Nationalism – complications",
                "Role of men"
            ],
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                "Widely available"
            ],
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        },
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            "id": "The Little Exile (book)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "19 44/{'value': 64, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
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            },
            "title": "The Little Exile (book)",
            "description": "Memoir by Jeanette A. Arakawa covering her wartime incarceration at the\n  \n   Stockton Assembly Center\n  \n  and\n  \n   Rohwer\n  \n  , Arkansas, concentration camp and postwar resettlement in Denver. Though written in the first person, her name and those of others in the book have been changed.",
            "url_title": "The Little Exile (book)",
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                "Arts"
            ],
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                "Grades 9-12",
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            "rg_theme": [
                "Evils of racism",
                "Family – blessing or curse",
                "Female roles",
                "Immigrant experience"
            ],
            "rg_readinglevel": [
                "Grades 7-8"
            ],
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                "Available"
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            "id": "Living in Color: The Art of Hideo Date (exhibition)",
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            "index": "20 45/{'value': 64, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
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            "title": "Living in Color: The Art of Hideo Date (exhibition)",
            "description": "Retrospective exhibition featuring the work of\n  \n   Issei\n  \n  painter\n  \n   Hideo Date\n  \n  at the\n  \n   Japanese American National Museum\n  \n  (JANM) that opened in 2001. Curated by Karin Higa,\n  \n   Living in Color\n  \n  draws on works Date donated to JANM as well as works held by the Los Angeles County Museum of Art and Smithsonian American Art Museum from the 1930s to the 1980s. An established artist by the 1930s, Date was sent to\n  \n   Santa Anita\n  \n  and\n  \n   Heart Mountain\n  \n  during the war, where he taught art and formed an Art Students League at the latter. Best known for his watercolor and gouache painting before the war, he turned to pencil drawings while incarcerated due in part to the difficulty of obtaining painting materials while in camp. The exhibition includes several of these drawings. Unlike artists such as\n  \n   Henry Sugimoto\n  \n  or\n  \n   Estelle Ishigo\n  \n  , Date's wartime drawings do not depict scenes from the concentration camps, most being of cats. An illustrated catalog with a biographical essay by Higa was published by Heyday Books, funded in part by a grant from the\n  \n   California Civil Liberties Public Education Program\n  \n  .",
            "url_title": "Living in Color: The Art of Hideo Date (exhibition)",
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            "rg_genre": [
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            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Expression through art",
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            ],
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            "id": "Looking After Minidoka: An American Memoir (book)",
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            "index": "21 46/{'value': 64, 'relation': 'eq'}",
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            "title": "Looking After Minidoka: An American Memoir (book)",
            "description": "A\n  \n   third-generation\n  \n  Japanese American shares the multi-generational story of both sides of his family, from immigration to the aftermath of Pearl Harbor and wartime incarceration, to\n  \n   resettlement\n  \n  and his own childhood.",
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                "Female roles",
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                "Love and sacrifice",
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            "title": "The Lost Village of Terminal Island (film)",
            "description": "A 2007 documentary film directed by David Meltzer about\n  \n   Terminal Island\n  \n  , once home for a large and prosperous Japanese American fishing community located near the Port of Los Angeles, California. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor on\n  \n   December 7, 1941\n  \n  , nearly 3,000 Japanese immigrants and their families who lived at Terminal Island were forced from their homes and into government concentration camps. Most of the original inhabitants of this tight-knit Japanese American village would never return. This film tells the story of childhood memories of growing up on a once idyllic Terminal Island as well as the painful experiences of suspicion, interrogation and incarceration (most Terminal Islanders were sent to the camp at\n  \n   Manzanar\n  \n  ) that the community suffered following the passage of\n  \n   Executive Order 9066.\n  \n  The film also traces the former residents' continuing identification with Terminal Island, noting the reunions that began in 1971 and climaxing with the dedication of a memorial at the former site of the village in 2002. The film is based largely on interviews with the former residents, augmented by many family photographs and archival and home movie footage. Funding for the film came in part from the\n  \n   California Civil Liberties Public Education Program\n  \n  .",
            "url_title": "The Lost Village of Terminal Island (film)",
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                "Importance of community",
                "Power of the past"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
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            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Films and Video",
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            "id": "Mackerel Sky (short story)",
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            "url_title": "Mackerel Sky (short story)",
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            ],
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            ],
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            ],
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            ],
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            ],
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