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            "title": "This Time Will Be Different (book)",
            "description": "Acclaimed coming of age novel by Misa Sugiura that explores the continuing impact and relevance of Japanese American incarceration.",
            "url_title": "This Time Will Be Different (book)",
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                "Arts"
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                "Grades 9-12",
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            "rg_theme": [
                "Capitalism – effect on the individual",
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            "title": "Confined Citizens: The Amache-Granada Relocation Center, 1942-1945 (exhibition)",
            "description": "Section within the\n  \n   Colorado Stories\n  \n  exhibition, a permanent installation at the History Colorado Center in Denver that was part of its 2012 grand opening.",
            "url_title": "Confined Citizens: The Amache-Granada Relocation Center, 1942-1945 (exhibition)",
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            "title": "The Cat Who Chose to Dream (book)",
            "description": "Children's picture book about a cat who accompanies his Japanese American family to an American concentration camp during World War II.",
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                "Arts"
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                "Grades 1-2",
                "Grades 3-5"
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            "rg_genre": [
                "Children's"
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            "rg_theme": [
                "Disillusionment and dreams",
                "Facing darkness",
                "Overcoming – fear, weakness, vice",
                "Will to survive"
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                "Grades 1-2",
                "Grades 3-5"
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            "description": "A 2013 documentary film about Japanese American\n  \n   Kibei\n  \n  war hero Roy Matsumoto and his family during World War II, as told through the eyes of his daughter Karen. A decorated linguist with the\n  \n   Military Intelligence Service\n  \n  who was a part of Merrill's Marauders, an American guerrilla unit in Burma, Matsumoto served even though his parents and sisters were living in Hiroshima and three of his Nisei brothers were ultimately conscripted into the Japanese army.",
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            "title": "Honor Bound: A Personal Journey (film)",
            "description": "Documentary film that tells the story of the\n  \n   442nd Regimental Combat Team\n  \n  through the story of one soldier, Haruo Howard \"Howe\" Hanamura, and his daughter, television reporter Wendy Hanamura, who travel to Europe in October 1944 for 50th anniversary ceremonies of the liberation of Bruyeres and Biffontaine by the 442nd. The film was produced by the\n  \n   National Japanese American Historical Society\n  \n  (NJAHS) and KPIX, San Francisco, where Wendy Hanamura was a news reporter. After debuting on KPIX on March 5, 1995, it went on to be shown on over 100 PBS stations.",
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            "description": "Documentary film on the Japanese American experience in the Pacific Northwest including \"\n  \n   voluntary evacuation\n  \n  ,\" forced removal and confinement, and the debate over military service. Produced by North By Northwest Entertainment for Whitworth College, the project was funded by a grant from the\n  \n   Washington Civil Liberties Public Education Program\n  \n  .",
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            "id": "Instructions to All Persons: Reflections on Executive Order 9066 (exhibition)",
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            "title": "Instructions to All Persons: Reflections on Executive Order 9066 (exhibition)",
            "description": "Exhibition mounted by the\n  \n   Japanese American National Museum\n  \n  (JANM) to commemorate the 75th anniversary of\n  \n   Executive Order 9066\n  \n  .",
            "url_title": "Instructions to All Persons: Reflections on Executive Order 9066 (exhibition)",
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                "Wisdom of experience"
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            "title": "Journey of Heroes: The Story of the 100th Infantry Battalion and 442nd Regimental Combat Team (book)",
            "description": "A comic book version of the story of the\n  \n   100th Infantry Battalion\n  \n  and\n  \n   442nd Regimental Combat Team\n  \n  told in the first person voice of a Nisei from Hawai'i.",
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            "index": "8 33/{'value': 59, 'relation': 'eq'}",
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                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/Journey%20to%20Topaz:%20A%20Story%20of%20the%20Japanese-American%20Evacuation%20(book)/?format=api",
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            },
            "title": "Journey to Topaz: A Story of the Japanese-American Evacuation (book)",
            "description": "Pioneering 1971 novel by\n  \n   Yoshiko Uchida\n  \n  that was the first book for children on the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans written by a Japanese American. Based in part on Uchida's own family experience,\n  \n   Journey to Topaz\n  \n  was the first of five books the prolific children's book author wrote that focused on the incarceration experience.",
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                "Arts"
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                "Grades 3-5",
                "Grades 6-8"
            ],
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                "Young Adult"
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            "rg_theme": [
                "Displacement",
                "Growing up - pain or pleasure"
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            "rg_readinglevel": [
                "Grades 6-8"
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                "Widely available"
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            "id": "Looking Like the Enemy: My Story of Imprisonment in Japanese-American Internment Camps (book)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "9 34/{'value': 59, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/Looking%20Like%20the%20Enemy:%20My%20Story%20of%20Imprisonment%20in%20Japanese-American%20Internment%20Camps%20(book)/?format=api",
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            "title": "Looking Like the Enemy: My Story of Imprisonment in Japanese-American Internment Camps (book)",
            "description": "Incarceration memoir of life at\n  \n   Pinedale Assembly Center\n  \n  ,\n  \n   Tule Lake\n  \n  , and\n  \n   Minidoka\n  \n  , by Mary Matsuda Gruenewald, a seventeen-year-old\n  \n   Nisei\n  \n  at the time of her and her family's forced removal from their Washington state farm. First published in 2005 by NewSage Press, it was followed by a young reader's edition in 2010.",
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                "Arts"
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            "rg_theme": [
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                "Facing darkness",
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                "Loss of innocence",
                "Power of the past"
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                "Grades 9-12",
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            "id": "Manzanar National Historic Site Educator Resources Kit (curricula)",
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            "links": {
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            "title": "Manzanar National Historic Site Educator Resources Kit (curricula)",
            "description": "\"How does identity shape my experience in America?\" is the central question which serves to unify the wide range of materials in this resource kit. The kit includes printed materials (lesson plans, reproductions of primary sources, official park brochure, booklet for self-guided tours, Densho brochure), and digital resources (video documentary, electronic field trip, biographical sketches of former inmates, related standards, lesson plans, and historical photos). The Manzanar National Historic Site Educator Resources Kit was supported by a grant from the\n  \n   California Civil Liberties Public Education Program\n  \n  and the Manzanar History Association.",
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            "title": "Manzanar: Never Again (film)",
            "description": "Short film shot at a\n  \n   Manzanar Pilgrimage\n  \n  . Attendees—including former inmates and their descendants—talk about\n  \n   Manzanar\n  \n  , the aftermath of camp, and the evolution of the pilgrimages and the Manzanar National Historic Site as we see scenes of the pilgrimage and the preparations for it. The role of activist\n  \n   Sue Kunitomi Embrey\n  \n  is highlighted in reminiscences of those who knew her; her own words are read by an actress.",
            "url_title": "Manzanar: Never Again (film)",
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                "Arts"
            ],
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
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            ],
            "rg_genre": [
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            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Importance of community",
                "Injustice",
                "Power of the past"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "Widely available"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Films and Video",
            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-film"
        },
        {
            "id": "Medal of Honor (film)",
            "model": "article",
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            "links": {
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                "json": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/api/3.0/articles/Medal%20of%20Honor%20(film)/?format=api"
            },
            "title": "Medal of Honor (film)",
            "description": "Short video on the twenty-one Japanese American recipients of the\n  \n   Congressional Medal of Honor\n  \n  , produced by the Go For Broke National Education Center and that features footage from June 21, 2000 ceremony at which twenty of the medals were awarded.",
            "url_title": "Medal of Honor (film)",
            "categories": [
                "Arts"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
                "films"
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 6-8",
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
                "Documentary"
            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Heroism - real and perceived"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "Widely available"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Films and Video",
            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-film"
        },
        {
            "id": "Most Honorable Son (film)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "13 38/{'value': 59, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/Most%20Honorable%20Son%20(film)/?format=api",
                "json": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/api/3.0/articles/Most%20Honorable%20Son%20(film)/?format=api"
            },
            "title": "Most Honorable Son (film)",
            "description": "Documentary film that profiles\n  \n   Nisei\n  \n  war hero\n  \n   Ben Kuroki\n  \n  , tracing his life from his Nebraska childhood, his fight to be allowed to serve in the military after the attack on Pearl Harbor, his bombing missions over Europe and Japan, and his visits to American concentration camps in which Japanese Americans were held. Kuroki tells much of the story in his own words, which are augmented by many interviews with crew members who flew with him in both Europe and Japan. In addition to archival footage and photographs, the filmmakers also film reenactments of a few key episodes. Among the incidents highlighted are the dramatic raid on the Ploesti oilfields in what is now Romania, one of Kuroki's last missions in Europe; his speech before the Commonweath Club in San Francisco upon his return; and his visit to the Heart Mountain concentration camp of which inmates Eiichi Sakauye, Jack Tono, and\n  \n   James Sakoda\n  \n  provide various perspectives. The film ends with the 2005 ceremony at which he received the Distinguished Service Medal and his speech at that event. Directed by Bill Kubota for KDN Films and NET Television, the title\n  \n   Most Honorable Son\n  \n  comes from the nickname given to him by his squadron members.",
            "url_title": "Most Honorable Son (film)",
            "categories": [
                "Arts"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
                "films"
            ],
            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
                "Documentary",
                "Biography"
            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "War - glory, necessity, pain, tragedy",
                "Heroism - real or perceived"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "Available"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Films and Video",
            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-film"
        },
        {
            "id": "Nihonjin Face (play)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "14 39/{'value': 59, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/Nihonjin%20Face%20(play)/?format=api",
                "json": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/api/3.0/articles/Nihonjin%20Face%20(play)/?format=api"
            },
            "title": "Nihonjin Face (play)",
            "description": "Short play for school audiences by Janet Hayakawa and Tere Martínez that juxtaposes the Japanese American incarceration with the Civil Rights Movement and anti-immigrant sentiment in the present.",
            "url_title": "Nihonjin Face (play)",
            "categories": [
                "Arts"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
                "plays"
            ],
            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 3-5",
                "Grades 7-8"
            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Circle of life",
                "Evils of racism",
                "Progress – real or illusion",
                "Wisdom of experience"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
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            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Plays",
            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-ticket"
        },
        {
            "id": "Nisei Soldier: Standard Bearer for an Exiled People (film)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "15 40/{'value': 59, 'relation': 'eq'}",
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            "title": "Nisei Soldier: Standard Bearer for an Exiled People (film)",
            "description": "Influential documentary film by Loni Ding that was the first of many to specifically focus on the story of Japanese Americans who served in the armed forces during World War II.",
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                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
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            "rg_theme": [
                "Patriotism - positive side or complications",
                "Injustice",
                "Heroism - real or perceived"
            ],
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                "Limited availability"
            ],
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        {
            "id": "Of Civil Wrongs and Rights: The Fred Korematsu Story (film)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "16 41/{'value': 59, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/Of%20Civil%20Wrongs%20and%20Rights:%20The%20Fred%20Korematsu%20Story%20(film)/?format=api",
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            },
            "title": "Of Civil Wrongs and Rights: The Fred Korematsu Story (film)",
            "description": "Documentary film by Eric Paul Fournier that chronicles the story of American civil rights hero,\n  \n   Fred Korematsu\n  \n  , whose refusal to obey orders prohibiting Japanese Americans from remaining on the West Coast led to a\n  \n   landmark Supreme Court case\n  \n  .",
            "url_title": "Of Civil Wrongs and Rights: The Fred Korematsu Story (film)",
            "categories": [
                "Arts"
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 6-8",
                "Grades 9-12",
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            ],
            "rg_genre": [
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            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Injustice",
                "Rights - individual or societal"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "Available"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Films and Video",
            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-film"
        },
        {
            "id": "A Place Where Sunflowers Grow (book)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "17 42/{'value': 59, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/A%20Place%20Where%20Sunflowers%20Grow%20(book)/?format=api",
                "json": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/api/3.0/articles/A%20Place%20Where%20Sunflowers%20Grow%20(book)/?format=api"
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            "title": "A Place Where Sunflowers Grow (book)",
            "description": "Children's picture book by Amy Lee-Tai and illustrated by Felicia Hoshino about Mari, a young Japanese American girl in\n  \n   Topaz\n  \n  , an American concentration camp during World War II. As the book begins, she plants sunflower seeds in the desert soil, hoping they will grow like the sunflowers in their old backyard. She recalls their prewar home, where she lived with her older brother and artist parents. At Topaz, she goes with her father to the art school he started. Initially unable to draw anything in the children's class, she slowly starts to find things to draw with the help of a supportive teacher, her father, and her new friend Aiko. After drawing a picture of her barrack with the sunflowers growing tall in front, she returns home to find little sunflower seedlings, giving her hope for the future. A final page provides biographies of the author and illustrator and some background on the book. The main text of the book is in both English and Japanese, the latter via translation by Marc Akio Lee.",
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                "Darkness and light",
                "Empowerment",
                "Expression through art",
                "Importance of community",
                "Overcoming – fear, weakness, vice"
            ],
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            "id": "Prejudice and Patriotism: Americans of Japanese Ancestry in the Military Intelligence Service of WWII (film)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "18 43/{'value': 59, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/Prejudice%20and%20Patriotism:%20Americans%20of%20Japanese%20Ancestry%20in%20the%20Military%20Intelligence%20Service%20of%20WWII%20(film)/?format=api",
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            },
            "title": "Prejudice and Patriotism: Americans of Japanese Ancestry in the Military Intelligence Service of WWII (film)",
            "description": "Documentary video that tells the story of Japanese Americans in the\n  \n   Military Intelligence Service\n  \n  during World War II, juxtaposing that story against the backdrop of the Japanese American wartime incarceration, highlighting the difficulties brought on by the\n  \n   loyalty questionnaire\n  \n  and its aftermath. Colin Powell introduces and closes the video, which is narrated by Ken Kashiwahara. The story is told using archival footage and photographs and interviews with many MIS veterans and others. No director is identified. The film was produced and funded by the Military Intelligence Service Association of Northern California and the National Japanese American Historical Society.",
            "url_title": "Prejudice and Patriotism: Americans of Japanese Ancestry in the Military Intelligence Service of WWII (film)",
            "categories": [
                "Arts"
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                "films"
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
                "Documentary"
            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "War - glory, necessity, pain, tragedy",
                "Heroism - real or perceived"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "No availability"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Films and Video",
            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-film"
        },
        {
            "id": "Painting the Rainbow (book)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "19 44/{'value': 59, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
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            },
            "title": "Painting the Rainbow (book)",
            "description": "Coming-of-age novel for young readers about two thirteen-year old cousins at a New England family summer retreat in 1965 who grapple with both their changing relationship and with the discovery of family secrets stemming from the World War II period that tangentially involve the wartime incarceration of Japanese Americans.",
            "url_title": "Painting the Rainbow (book)",
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                "Arts"
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                "Grades 3-5",
                "Grades 7-8",
                "Grades 9-12"
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            "rg_theme": [
                "Family – blessing or curse",
                "Coming of age",
                "Communication – verbal and nonverbal",
                "Growing up – pain or pleasure"
            ],
            "rg_readinglevel": [
                "Grades 3-5",
                "Grades 7-8"
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        {
            "id": "Remembering Manzanar (film)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "20 45/{'value': 59, 'relation': 'eq'}",
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            },
            "title": "Remembering Manzanar (film)",
            "description": "Introductory video at the Manzanar National Historic Site's Visitor Center. Commissioned by the National Park Service and produced by Signature Communications of Huntingtown, Maryland, in 2004,\n  \n   Remembering Manzanar\n  \n  provides a broad overview of the Japanese American wartime forced removal and incarceration based on interviews with a dozen former inmates, along with residents of the area around\n  \n   Manzanar\n  \n  and a teacher at Manzanar. None of the narrators are identified as they talk and none are pictured onscreen. Visuals consists entirely of archival still and moving images, including clips from newsreels and\n  \n   War Relocation Authority films\n  \n  along with home movies shot by inmates; period cartoons and caricatures; period artifacts; and contemporary footage of the Manzanar site. The 22-minute video is shown every half-hour at the Manzanar Visitor Center. No director, editor, or cinematographer is credited.",
            "url_title": "Remembering Manzanar (film)",
            "categories": [
                "Arts"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
                "films"
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 6-8",
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
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            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Injustice",
                "Power of the past"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "Limited availability"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Films and Video",
            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-film"
        },
        {
            "id": "Return to the Valley: Japanese American Experience After WWII (film)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "21 46/{'value': 59, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/Return%20to%20the%20Valley:%20Japanese%20American%20Experience%20After%20WWII%20(film)/?format=api",
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            "title": "Return to the Valley: Japanese American Experience After WWII (film)",
            "description": "Documentary film that tells the story of Japanese Americans returning to the Santa Clara, Salinas and Pajaro Valleys and the Central Coast after World War II. Produced by KTEH, a San Jose public television station,\n  \n   Return to the Valley\n  \n  was the first episode of an anthology series titled\n  \n   Voices of the Valley\n  \n  and debuted in 2003. It received a region Emmy Award in 2004 for \"Outstanding Community Program.\"",
            "url_title": "Return to the Valley: Japanese American Experience After WWII (film)",
            "categories": [
                "Arts"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
                "films"
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 6-8",
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
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            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Injustice",
                "Rebirth",
                "Power of the past"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "Widely available"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Films and Video",
            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-film"
        },
        {
            "id": "Farewell to Manzanar (book)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "22 47/{'value': 59, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/Farewell%20to%20Manzanar%20(book)/?format=api",
                "json": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/api/3.0/articles/Farewell%20to%20Manzanar%20(book)/?format=api"
            },
            "title": "Farewell to Manzanar (book)",
            "description": "Popular memoir that tells the story of one family's forced removal and confinement at\n  \n   Manzanar\n  \n  through the eyes of a young girl. First published in 1973,\n  \n   Farewell to Manzanar\n  \n  has sold over one million copies and is one of the most widely read accounts of Japanese American incarceration and its aftermath.",
            "url_title": "Farewell to Manzanar (book)",
            "categories": [
                "Arts"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
                "books"
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 6-8",
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
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            "rg_theme": [
                "Coming of age",
                "Displacement",
                "Evils of racism",
                "Family – blessing or curse",
                "Working class struggles"
            ],
            "rg_readinglevel": [
                "Grades 6-8",
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "Widely available"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Books",
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        },
        {
            "id": "Those Who Helped Us (film)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "23 48/{'value': 59, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
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            },
            "title": "Those Who Helped Us (film)",
            "description": "Simply animated story set in\n  \n   Minidoka\n  \n  told in the first-person voice of a young Nisei girl named Sumi that highlights the role that key white supporters in and out of the concentration camps played in aiding Japanese Americans. After noting the deprivations\n  \n   Nikkei\n  \n  faced in the early months at Minidoka, Sumi notes the presence of Reverend Andy (\n  \n   Emery Andrews\n  \n  ), who had come to minister to his flock all the way from Seattle. Later, she highlights the role played by\n  \n   Thomas Bodine\n  \n  of the\n  \n   National Japanese American Student Relocation Council\n  \n  and Father Leopold Tibesar in helping Sumi's older sister, Yuri, leave Minidoka to attend college in Philadelphia. The black and white animation turns to color as Yuri leaves camp. After the main story, author Ken Mochizuki provides brief profiles of Andrews, Bodine, and Tibesar, along with Minidoka Education Superintendent Arthur Kleinkopf and Deaconess Margaret Peppers, both of whom are also portrayed in the film.",
            "url_title": "Those Who Helped Us (film)",
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                "Arts"
            ],
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                "Grades 7-8",
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            "rg_genre": [
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            "rg_theme": [
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            ],
            "rg_availability": [
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            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Films and Video",
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        },
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            "id": "Desert Exile (book)",
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            "links": {
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            },
            "title": "Desert Exile (book)",
            "description": "Desert Exile: The Uprooting of a Japanese-American Family\n  \n  is an autobiography by noted children's book author\n  \n   Yoshiko Uchida\n  \n  that chronicles her experiences in the years before and during her incarceration in an American concentration camp during World War II. It was originally published in 1982 by the University of Washington Press and reissued with a new introduction by Traise Yamamoto in 2015.",
            "url_title": "Desert Exile (book)",
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                "Evils of racism"
            ],
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                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
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            ],
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            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-book"
        }
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