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            "title": "American Dreams (book)",
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            "title": "The Experience of Japanese Americans in the United States: A Teacher Resource Manual (curricula)",
            "description": "The Advisory Council to the Ethnic Heritage Project of the\n  \n   Japanese American Citizens League\n  \n  (JACL) developed, printed and distributed this manual in 1975. It was one of the first efforts to provide K–12 instructional materials about the history and achievements of Japanese Americans in the United States. The aim of the manual was to counter existing teaching materials which contained information that \"portray(ed) persons of Japanese ancestry in a distorted or stereotypic fashion\" (page 6). In addition, the authors sought to see Japanese Americans represented in the educational system's instructional framework of cultural pluralism.",
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            "title": "The Ito Sisters (film)",
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            },
            "title": "The Japanese Lover (book)",
            "description": "Novel by best-selling Chilean American novelist Isabel Allende, the title character of which is a\n  \n   Nisei\n  \n  man whose story of wartime incarceration is woven into the narrative.",
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                "Family – blessing or curse",
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                "json": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/api/3.0/articles/The%20Journey%20(book)/?format=api"
            },
            "title": "The Journey (book)",
            "description": "A children's book by\n  \n   Sansei\n  \n  author and artist Sheila Hamanaka, published by Orchard Books in 1990.\n  \n   The Journey: Japanese Americans, Racism and Renewal\n  \n  is based on a 25-foot mural painted by Hamanaka that mixes the history of Japanese Americans with an emphasis on the American concentration camps of World War II with her own family's experience using a mixture of Japanese iconography, realism and caricature. The book features both close-ups of the mural as well as a panoramic view of all five panels, which are accompanied by the author's text, giving her perspective on history, tradition, and hope. It also includes a preface and afterword reflecting on these themes.",
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            "title": "The Red Kimono (book)",
            "description": "Novel that tells parallel stories of a Japanese American family that is uprooted from their Berkeley, California, home and sent to American concentration camps during World War II, and a young African American man who goes to prison for the beating death of that family's patriarch.",
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            },
            "title": "The Red Tricycle (short story)",
            "description": "The scene as a\n  \n   Nikkei\n  \n  family—a mother with her two daughters and four-year-old son Tommy—make the last preparations at their farmhouse before a truck comes to take them to the train station that will deliver them to a concentration camp. Their spirits are temporarily buoyed by a unexpected kind act by one of the soldiers who comes for them.",
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            "rg_theme": [
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                "Injustice",
                "Optimism – power or folly"
            ],
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            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Short Stories",
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        {
            "id": "The Service Flags (short story)",
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            },
            "title": "The Service Flags (short story)",
            "description": "Short story by Bill Hosokawa about the first days of\n  \n   resettlement\n  \n  of a young mother and her nine-year-old son. Helen Yamano and her son Jamie arrive in an unspecified city, and she hangs two flags, one for her brother who had been killed, presumably as an\n  \n   Military Intelligence Service\n  \n  linguist, and one for her husband, who is serving in Europe in the\n  \n   442nd\n  \n  . Her first days on the job are difficult, as one of her co-workers makes trouble for her. Jamie is called a \"Jap\" by one of the boys on his first day of school. Helen tells him that like his father, he needs to fight to be accepted, and the next day he does.",
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                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_theme": [
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                "Heroism—real and perceived",
                "Individual versus society",
                "Loss of innocence",
                "Self-reliance"
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                "Widely available"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Short Stories",
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            "id": "Sylvia and Aki (book)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "9 34/{'value': 161, 'relation': 'eq'}",
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            },
            "title": "Sylvia and Aki (book)",
            "description": "Chapter book for children by Winifred Conkling centering on the the Mendezes and the Munemitsus, the two families behind the landmark\n  \n   Mendez v. Westminster\n  \n  school desegregation case.",
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                "Grades 7-8"
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                "Children's"
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                "Convention and rebellion",
                "Evils of racism",
                "Immigrant experience",
                "Rights - individual or societal"
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            "description": "Brief overview book for juvenile audiences on the wartime removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans by prolific children's book author Larry Dane Brimner. The \"voices\" of the title are taken from testimony by Japanese Americans before the\n  \n   Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians\n  \n  (CWRIC).",
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            "title": "Uprooted: The Japanese American Experience during World War II (book)",
            "description": "Acclaimed overview work on the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans by professional historian and prolific children's book author Albert Marrin.",
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            "title": "Valor with Honor (film)",
            "description": "Documentary film by Burt Takeuchi that tells the story of the\n  \n   442nd Regimental Combat Team\n  \n  . Eschewing a narrator, the film is built around the thirty-five interviews with veterans Takeuchi conducted and also includes brief reenactments of battle scenes that were shot at Sequoia Paintball Park in Santa Cruz, California.\n  \n   Valor With Honor\n  \n  tells the story in largely chronological fashion, starting with prewar life, the impact of the attack on Pearl Harbor, and the roundup of Japanese Americans on the West Coast before getting to induction and basic training, combat in Italy, the\n  \n   rescue of the Lost Battalion\n  \n  , the liberation of Dachau sub camps, and the return to postwar society. Much of the running time focuses on the Rescue of the Lost Battalion and includes interviews with members of the 141st, the men who were rescued. The 86-minute film was completed in 2010 and has been screened widely across the country since then.",
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
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                "Adult"
            ],
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            "rg_theme": [
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            "links": {
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            "title": "The Tragic History of the Japanese-American Internment Camps (book)",
            "description": "Overview work on the Japanese American wartime removal and incarceration for middle school audiences that is part of Enslow Publishers' \"From Many Cultures, One History\" series.",
            "url_title": "The Tragic History of the Japanese-American Internment Camps (book)",
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            ],
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
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            ],
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            ],
            "rg_theme": [
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                "Evils of racism",
                "Hazards of passing judgment",
                "Injustice",
                "Patriotism – positive side or complications"
            ],
            "rg_readinglevel": [
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            ],
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        {
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                "json": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/api/3.0/articles/Tsuru%20(film)/?format=api"
            },
            "title": "Tsuru (film)",
            "description": "Short dramatic film about an elderly\n  \n   Issei\n  \n  couple whose attempt to avoid the mass roundup of Japanese Americans during World War II is aided by a white nurse.\n  \n   Tsuru\n  \n  was a senior year project at Chapman University by Chris K. T. Bright.",
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                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
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            "rg_theme": [
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                "Evils of racism",
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            ],
            "rg_availability": [
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            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Films and Video",
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            "id": "Uncle Gunjiro's Girlfriend (play)",
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            },
            "title": "Uncle Gunjiro's Girlfriend (play)",
            "description": "Performance piece that incorporates storytelling, music, dance, and multimedia elements to expose the secret of Brenda Wong Aoki's family: her great-uncle's marriage to a white woman and the subsequent split in the family.",
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
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                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_theme": [
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        },
        {
            "id": "Two Homelands (book)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "16 41/{'value': 161, 'relation': 'eq'}",
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            "title": "Two Homelands (book)",
            "description": "Epic three volume novel by best-selling Japanese novelist Toyoko Yamasaki that centers on the identity dilemmas of a\n  \n   Kibei\n  \n  man during and immediately after World War II. Published in Japan in 1983, it was adapted into a popular Japanese television drama the following year. Alarmed by reports that the novel/TV show portrayed Japanese Americans as having split loyalties, Japanese American leaders succeeded in preventing the TV drama from being shown in the continental U.S. In 2007, the University of Hawai'i Press published an English language translation by V. Dixon Morris under the title\n  \n   Two Homelands\n  \n  .",
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            "rg_genre": [
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            ],
            "rg_theme": [
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                "Emptiness of attaining a false dream",
                "Evils of racism",
                "Family – blessing or curse",
                "Heroism – real and perceived",
                "Individual versus society",
                "Nationalism – complications",
                "Patriotism – positive side or complications",
                "Vulnerability of the strong"
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            "id": "Tule Lake (book)",
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            "title": "Tule Lake (book)",
            "description": "Novel by Edward Miyakawa set in the eponymous concentration camp.\n  \n   Tule Lake\n  \n  was likely the first novel by a Japanese American set in one of the World War II concentration camps to be published when it first appeared in 1979. It was also notable for its unflinching portrayal of life in the most repressive of the camps.",
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                "Family – blessing or curse",
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                "Individual versus society"
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            "id": "We the People: A Story of Internment in America (book)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "18 43/{'value': 161, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
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            "title": "We the People: A Story of Internment in America (book)",
            "description": "Memoir of Florin, California-based\n  \n   Nisei\n  \n  educator and activist\n  \n   Mary Tsukamoto\n  \n  co-authored by Elizabeth Pinkerton and published in 1987 when Tsukamoto was seventy-two. Though the book covers her entire life, well over half of it focuses on her and her family's wartime confinement, their\n  \n   resettlement\n  \n  in the Midwest, and eventual return to California.",
            "url_title": "We the People: A Story of Internment in America (book)",
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            ],
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                "books"
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
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            "rg_genre": [
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            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Evils of racism",
                "Importance of community",
                "Overcoming – fear, weakness, vice",
                "Patriotism – positive side or complications",
                "Role of women"
            ],
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                "Available"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Books",
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        },
        {
            "id": "Weedflower (book)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "19 44/{'value': 161, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/Weedflower%20(book)/?format=api",
                "json": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/api/3.0/articles/Weedflower%20(book)/?format=api"
            },
            "title": "Weedflower (book)",
            "description": "Coming-of-age novel for young adults set in\n  \n   Poston\n  \n  with a young\n  \n   Nisei\n  \n  girl as the protagonist.\n  \n   Weedflower\n  \n  was author Cynthia Kadohata's second young adult novel, after the Newbery Medal winning\n  \n   Kira-Kira\n  \n  .",
            "url_title": "Weedflower (book)",
            "categories": [
                "Arts"
            ],
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                "books"
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 7-8",
                "Grades 9-12"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
                "Children's",
                "Historical Fiction"
            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Growing up – pain or pleasure",
                "Evils of racism",
                "Fear of other",
                "Losing hope"
            ],
            "rg_readinglevel": [
                "Grades 7-8"
            ],
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                "Widely available"
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        },
        {
            "id": "Welcome Home! (short story)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "20 45/{'value': 161, 'relation': 'eq'}",
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            },
            "title": "Welcome Home! (short story)",
            "description": "Short story that contrasts the reception of two returning soldiers to their homes after serving overseas. Two soldiers meet on a train and talk about what they look forward to upon returning home. The first, presumably white, gets off the train to a warm welcome by parents, a girlfriend and the family pet. The second, a Japanese American has no one waiting for him, since his family is still incarcerated in an Arizona concentration camp. He is ignored or greeted coldly by the locals in his hometown and when he gets to his family home, finds that it has been vandalized and painted with racist epithets. Authored by Sgt. Len Zinberg,\n  \n   Welcome Home!\n  \n  was first published in\n  \n   Yank\n  \n  , a weekly magazine published by the U.S. Army and reprinted in the\n  \n\n    Pacific Citizen\n   \n\n  in 1945.",
            "url_title": "Welcome Home! (short story)",
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            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Short Stories",
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            "id": "What It Means To Be An American: Lesson Plans on Race and the Media in Times of Crisis (curricula)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "21 46/{'value': 161, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/What%20It%20Means%20To%20Be%20An%20American:%20Lesson%20Plans%20on%20Race%20and%20the%20Media%20in%20Times%20of%20Crisis%20(curricula)/?format=api",
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            },
            "title": "What It Means To Be An American: Lesson Plans on Race and the Media in Times of Crisis (curricula)",
            "description": "Published by the\n  \n   Japanese American Citizens League\n  \n  in 2004, this 24-page booklet provides a middle/high school curriculum that addresses the parallels between the World War II experience of Japanese Americans and the post-September 11th experience of Arab and Muslim Americans. The unit is organized into three lessons \"Hidden Truths – The Use of Spin,\" \"Opinion-Editorials,\" \"Political Cartoons,\" with a total of ten learning activities. The booklet also includes background information about the World War II Japanese American incarceration, the impact of September 11 on Arab and Muslim Americans, and myths and stereotypes.",
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Middle School",
                "High School"
            ],
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                "Dangers of ignorance",
                "Evils of racism",
                "Fear of other",
                "Injustice",
                "Rights"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Curricula",
            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-tasks"
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        {
            "id": "When Military Necessity Overrides Constitutional Guarantees: The Treatment of Japanese Americans During World War II (curricula)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "22 47/{'value': 161, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/When%20Military%20Necessity%20Overrides%20Constitutional%20Guarantees:%20The%20Treatment%20of%20Japanese%20Americans%20During%20World%20War%20II%20(curricula)/?format=api",
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            },
            "title": "When Military Necessity Overrides Constitutional Guarantees: The Treatment of Japanese Americans During World War II (curricula)",
            "description": "This curriculum guide examines the World War II incarceration of Japanese Americans through the lens of its constitutional merit. It should be noted that it was published in 1982, and it contains terminology that in 2017 is considered inappropriate and/or offensive in the use of \"Oriental\" versus Asian or Asian American. In addition, many of the suggested classroom materials are outmoded (filmstrips) or out of print and may be difficult to access. The guide refers to a \"media kit\" which may have been available when the guide was first published.",
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            "rg_theme": [
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                "Rights - individual or societal",
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            ],
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            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Curricula",
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        {
            "id": "When the Emperor Was Divine: Teacher's Guide (curricula)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "23 48/{'value': 161, 'relation': 'eq'}",
            "links": {
                "html": "https://resourceguide.densho.org/When%20the%20Emperor%20Was%20Divine:%20Teacher's%20Guide%20(curricula)/?format=api",
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            },
            "title": "When the Emperor Was Divine: Teacher's Guide (curricula)",
            "description": "The Information provided in this 10-page guide aims to get students to understand\n  \n\n    When the Emperor was Divine\n   \n\n  by Julie Otsuka \"as both a work of art and a meditation on freedom, identity, and loyalty\" (page 2). There is background information about the novel and the author, including excerpts from an interview with Otsuka. The historical information provided about the World War II incarceration of Japanese Americans was garnered from Lauren Kessler's\n  \n\n    Stubborn Twig: Three Generations in the Life of a Japanese-American Family\n   \n\n  (New York, Random House, 1993).",
            "url_title": "When the Emperor Was Divine: Teacher's Guide (curricula)",
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                "Evils of racism",
                "Injustice"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Curricula",
            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-tasks"
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            "id": "When Your Body Has Been Rolled in Thorns (short story)",
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